Research On Technical Philosophy Thought Of Ancient Greece

From the standpoint and perspective of modern technology philosophy,the philosophy of ancient Greece contains the most original philosophy thought about "techne",and thus was regarded as the origin of the technical philosophy thought.The philosophy conception with the meaning of "techne" plays an important constitutive role in ancient Greek philosophy theory.Therefore,the exploration of this issue is not only the necessary work for tracing its original form,but also the basic problem of ancient Greek philosophy.Through investigation and sorting of "techne" in ancient Greek philosophy.The paper explores the characteristics of the philosophy of technology in ancient Greece,explains its internal logical context,and probes into its theoretical enlightening significance in relation to modern philosophy of technology.It has a certain exploration value for widening the ideological history of the philosophy of technology.The first part of this paper is to sort out,analyze and explain the philosophy of technology in each period of ancient Greece.Before the appearance of ancient Greek philosophy,the religious mythology text of ancient Greece already contained "myth-religion"thought about "techne"(τεχvη),which expresse a technical concept intertwined with power,presenting as "power-techne" and "techne-power".At the same time,the technical activities of the ancient Greeks also have the religious significance and the ethical implication,and the"the art of religious activities" shows the general way of the technology acquisition,that is.through the intervention and the help of the God to achieve the technical purpose.The myth-religion technology thought of ancient Greece reveals that technology contains mysterious forces which people can not fully understand and control.It is the understanding and expression of the irrational meaning of technology by ancient Greeks before the birth of philosophy.When the speculation of "philosophy" replace the narrative mode of myth and religion and become a new discourse style for interpreting history and the world,the "techne"thought in mythology and religious ideas begin to be re-explored in a philosophy way.The natural philosophy in the pre-Socratic period on the "principle-universe" theory,the"universe" generative theory and the "soul"(Nous)doctrine is discussions of the "generation"of "nature",and have a causal connection with later philosophy development of "techne"problem.When the philosophy of the Socratic period shift the thinking of "principle from nature"to "human affairs","techne" become one of the important topics of philosophy.The later ideas of Plato and Aristotle also show the "inheritance" and "reconstruction" of the"generation" model of the pre-Socrates natural philosophy.Thus the natural philosophy in the pre-Socratic period have a great influence on the formation of later ancient Greek philosophy.The event really make "techne" into ancient Greek philosophy is the debate on the essence of"techne" between Sophists and Socrates.The argument between the Sophists and Socrates over the nature of technology really bring technology into the subject field of ancient Greek philosophy.In the philosophy thought of the Sophists "techne" is regarded as a kind of sense-based action ability,which can judge how to reach "reality",give countermeasures based on situation and find the opportunity moment for the effective operation.Socrates,on the other hand,considers "techne" to be "knowledge",familiar with the target,and also to practice in the knowledge system.The understanding of Sophists and Socrates on "techne"respectively show the meaning of the "skill"in the irrational and perceptual level that contain in the "technique" and the meaning of the modern rationalized,intellectualized "techne".In the change of "techne" understanding,the meaning of "techne" of rationalization,knowledge and universalization gradually emerge,and the meaning of "skill" in contextualization,opportunity and individualization gradually retreated.Two origin meanings of the ancient Greek "techne" begin to separate.In Plato’s philosophy,"techne" is explained through a huge"theory of ideas" system.In Plato’s view,techne was the external manifestation of the human soul obtaining knowledge,and is the grasp and awareness of human to "idea".Plato,through the classification of "skill",further determine that "technology" is in essence an awareness of all kinds of ideas,and believed that all kinds of "skills" are based on the corresponding "skill ideas".Plato’s thought of "techne" is the explanation of the position of "idealism on existentialism",and some "techniques" which cannot be included in this way of interpretation are forced to fall into the category of "non-skill".As to this kind of "techne",Plato adopt the explanation method of "theology",and explained irrational "skill" meanings through "Eros"theory to achieve the completeness and self-consistency of the doctrine.Aristotle’s technology philosophy almost covered all thinking of predecessors.He use the most complete "ontology"system,discusse the issue of "techne" through "parapsychology","motion-ontology" and"theology",and present the "art" meaning of "techne" through"poetry".In the"parapsychology",Aristotle explore the epistemological basis of technological activities and regard"techne" as the"quality" in the soul.In "motion-ontology",he regard "techne" as a kind of movement that is contrary to "nature".Through this movement,the movement and generation of material can obtain the form and essence of techne.In the "theology",Aristotle regard "techne" as a kind of "external good" and endowed "techne" multi-dimensional meaning through "good".Aristotle illustrate the "creation" meaning of "techne"through"poetry",and reveal the "art" essence contained in "techne" activities.From the point of view of the ancient Greek technology philosophy thought as a whole,the ancient Greek philosophy has two approaches about "techne".The ancient Greek"ontology" philosophy consider "techne"from the perspectives of "principle"and "cause",thus that is a rationalist thinking way.While "idealism" philosophy take "techne"as the premise of generation and composition of all concepts,which is the way of shaping and presenting ideas from the sensory level.The former reveal the theoretical and scientific technical significance,while the latter reveal the conceptual essence of technology and regard it as a kind of "art" of "creation".From the ancient Greek philosophy,many modern technology philosophy problems can be solved,including the issues of what "techne" is,the relationship between "techne" and "human being",the relationship between "techne" and"nature",and the relationship between "techne" and "freedom" and the thinking about"technology alienation",By exploring ancient Greek technology philosophy,we can see how the problems faced by modern technology philosophy be solved at the birth of philosophy period.In the philosophy of technology in ancient Greece,the author put forward and discuss the relationship between "man" and itself,"man" and "thing" and "man" and "concept" in the original inquiry of the essence of "technology",which is of great significance for modern people to re-grasp the essence of technology,and the relationship between "man" and "thing"and "man" and "concept" is also discussed.The value of technology as well as the survival ofhuman beings and other issues,have some enlightening significance.