Research On Multi-layer X-ray Telescope Optical Designing And Integrating Technology

More than 400 years ago,Galileo,known as the father of modern physics,invented the astronomical optical telescope and proved the immortal"heliocentric theory"based on astronomical observations.Since then,human beings have never stopped exploring the boundless space with optical telescopes.However,there are many kinds of electromagnetic radiation in space,and it is far from enough to only rely on optical and microwave band detection.With the development of science,the research direction of modern physics has been gradually shifted to the research on origin of life and universe.As an important part of whole wavelength astronomical observation,X-ray astronomical observations help human to expand understanding of the universal phenomena from whole spectrum and multi-particle physics view,which could improve the speed and extent of human studies on universe to a new order of magnitude,and make a reasonable explanation on origin of life and universe.As an important tool of X-ray astronomical observation,the research on key technology of multi-layer nested X-ray telescope is very meaningful.However,because of the late start time and lack of manufacturing capacity,the production and development of multi-layer nested X-ray telescopes are facing the situation of tight schedule,heavy task and lack of key technologies in China.In order to improve the development of X-ray telescope and realize independent from foreign technologies,this paper has carried out research on the key technologies of X-ray telescope,including optical designing and integrating technology of X-ray telescope,which could improve technical foundation for X-ray telescope development.The main contents and innovations of this paper are as follows:(1)A whole-process X-ray telescope optical designing algorithm and software were established based on the interaction between X-rays and matter to greatly improve the designing accuracy and parameter integrity of multi-layer nested X-ray telescopes.Based on the principle of Wolter-I X-ray telescope,the Monte-Carlo method was adopted to design and study the X-ray optical design software with independent intellectual property rights,which takes the factors of X-ray optical designing into more comprehensive and detailed consideration and improves the designing accuracy of X-ray telescope.The factors influencing the angular resolution and effective area of X-ray telescope were studied.When the coating material is Au film,the effective area is 842cm~2@2ke V and 563cm~2@6ke V,the angular resolution is 15",and the field of view is 12’,which provides reliable input conditions for the development of X-ray telescope.(2)Thermal optical analysis algorithm was designed to provide accurate thermal designing input for the development of X-ray telescope.Thermal deformation of different diameter telescope mirror under axial and longitudinal temperature range was analyzed based on finite element analysis method.The thermal deformation caused by the axial temperature and longitudinal temperature difference were changed into tilt angle and deformation of center axis,and input to the X-ray telescope optical designing software to analyses the thermal-optical performance of light X-ray telescope.The thermal analysis of X-ray telescopes can guide the thermal designing input of X-ray telescopes in engineering designing and improve the environmental adaptability of X-ray telescopes.(3)The first vertical integrating system of X-ray telescope in China was built,and the angular resolution analysis algorithm of X-ray telescope was optimized based on this platform to improve the measurement accuracy of telescope indexes.Diffraction characteristics of multilayer nested X-ray telescope in visible light were studied,the possibility and rationality of integrating technology and testing algorithm in visible light were demonstrated.The first vertical integrating system based on vertical lifting,image analysis out of focus technology was established to reduce the telescope deformation affected by gravity loading,which provides a platform for the verification of telescope integrating and testing technology.And we have investigated the deformation of the telescope affected by lifting point location and choose the alternative glue based on adhesive experiment.The SEEF(Single annulus Energy Encircle Function)compensation EEF(Energy Encircle Function)algorithm was introduced as the standard for angular resolution analysis of X-ray telescope in visible light,which can effectively improve the accuracy and stability of integrating and testing of X-ray telescope in visible light.In this paper,the optical designing technology and integrating technology of X-ray telescope were studied.The X-ray telescope with aperture diameter of 476mm,the number of nesting layers of 45,focal length of 5250mm,effective area of 842cm~2@2kev,563cm~2@6kev was designed.The tolerances of X-ray telescopes with different angular resolutions are allocated.The key technology of X-ray telescope integrating and focal spot monitoring technology was put forward with higher accuracy and stability judgment standard,which improved foundation for the localization and controllability of X-ray telescope development technology.