Cloning And Expression Of Glucocorticoid And Mineralocorticoid Receptors Genes In Chinese Alligator(Alligator Sinensis)

The Chinese alligator(Alligator sinensis)is an endemic crocodilian species in China.The International Union for Conservation of Nature has included it as the critically endangered species in the red list(IUCN).Numerous researchers have shown that the population of Alligator sinensis in the wild has been decreasing,with the population now numbering less than 150.Researchers must devote equitable access at home and abroad due to the limited habitat and population decline.The normal functions of steroid hormones include development,growth,immune response,memory,behavior,and cognition.In animals,glucocorticoids are needed for homeostasis and trigger disease resistance.Corticosteroid hormones,the glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids,were originally named for their distinct physiological functions in mammals.Glucocorticoids,including cortisol and corticosterone,were identified for their role in liver glycogen deposition,whereas the mineralocorticoid,predominantly aldosterone,regulated mineral balance principally by controlling sodium retention in the kidney.In the present study,the researcher used nested PCR and rapid amplification of c DNA ends to extract and obtained the glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptor genes coding from the kidney of A.sinensis.The GR gene is 2343 base pairs long and codes for 780 amino acids,while the MR gene is 2958 base pairs long and codes for 985 amino acids.The gene,amino acid sequence,and secondary and three-dimensional structure of the GR and MR of Chinese alligators are highly conserved in comparison to other vertebrates.The m RNA distribution was calculated using quantitative realtime PCR.The highest expression were found in the ovary and kidney,indicating that these receptors are involved in alligators' basic cellular functions or stress response.In addition,RTq PCR was used to assess the abundance of GR and MR m RNA transcripts in the kidney,liver,and heart of Chinese alligators during early embryonic development.The presence of GR and MR m RNA in kidney,liver,and heart at earlier stages suggests that they may play a role in transcriptional control of early embryos and activate a variety of developmental actions in fetal tissues.The researcher have studied protein expression in different stages of liver embryonic development and discovered that GR and MR proteins were restricted in both nuclei and cytoplasm.The levels of protein expression in the liver at various embryonic developmental stages vary dramatically.Our findings revealed the complete coding regions of GR and MR,as well as their characteristics and embryonic developmental m RNA and protein expressions in A.sinensis.This research could help researchers better understand the various roles of GR and MR in A.sinensis.