Quantum Simulation In Optical Lattice With High-resolution Imaging System

In this dissertation,the whole processes of constructing an optical lattice system for ultracold atoms are described.Such a system can be used for quantum simulation of other quantum systems and generating quantum entanglements for universal quantum computation.Specifically,we chose 87Rb as our experimental atoms.At first,a magneto-optical trap was used to collect atoms from a rubidium dispenser.The collected atoms were then loaded into a dipole trap with the help of a gradient magnetic field,and evaporatively cooled in the dipole trap.After evaporative cooling,the atoms entered Bose-Einstein condensed state,which is the basis of most ultracold atom experiments.Then we used magnetic fields and microwaves to form a two-dimensional system with only a single slice of atoms.When we slowly rose two-dimensional optical lattices in such a twodimensional system,the quantum phase transition from a superfluid to a Mott insulator was observed.A set of lenses,known as high-resolution imaging system,are used to visualize and independently manipulate the ultracold atoms in optical lattices.This high-resolution imaging system was developed in cooperation with Leica.With this system,we can not only image the ultracold atoms at the single-atom level,but also project any potential to the atoms with phase modulated 532 nm or 671 nm lasers.This system greatly expands our ability to manipulate the ultracold atoms.In this thesis,we implemented an internationally leading high resolution for ultracold atoms,completed the offline test of a back-projection lattice potential with spatial light modulator,and designed a spin-dependent superlattice system for further experiments.We observed the quantum phase transition from a superfluid to a Mott insulator with this newly built platform,which lays a solid foundation for the following experimental researches.We believe that in the near future,this platform,which will have the capability of large-scale entanglement preparation and single-qubit measurement,would become a powerful research tool for quantum simulation and universal quantum computation.