Quark Matter In Electromagnetic And Vortex Fields

Quantum chromodynamics is the basic dynamics theory of the strong interaction matter.The mass of the visible matter is mostly from the chiral symmetry breaking,which is one of the most important properties in the standard model of the particle physics.Meanwhile,the relativistic heavy ion collisions can create a hot and dense QCD matter,the Quark Gluon Plasma.The strongest electromagnetic field and the largest angular velocity observed in the collisions can dramatically affect the phase structure of the QCD matter.This thesis will focus on the effects of electromagnetic field and vortex field in quark matter,which show new knowledges of the strong interaction matter.The electromagnetic field and the rotation introduced in our work are background field like temperature and density.We begin with the Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model with SU(2)symmetry in the pres-ence of a parallel electromagnetic field.The calculations show that the electromagnetic chiral anomaly can induce finite neutral pion condensate and isospin-singlet pseudo-scalarcondensate,and thus modify the chiral symmetry breaking pattern.We also evaluate the susceptibility for the U_A(1)charge,which characterizes the strength of the U_A(1)symme-try breaking.Furthermore,we explore the competition between the magnetic catalysis effect and the chiral rotation in a general parallel electromagnetic field||≠||.In the vortex field part,a generic relativistic Bd G method is developed to investigate the inho-mogeneous condensate in a system of fermions under the presence of rotation.Taking a2+1 dimensional rotating system,for example,we investigate the inhomogeneous chiral condensate and the possible chiral vortex state at the finite boundary with the U(1)sym-metry NJL model.We show that,for a sufficiently rapid rotation,the chiral vortex state can be induced as the ground state.The vortex state exhibits a pion condensate,providing a new mechanism to realize pseudo-scalar condensate in strongly interacting matter.Ex-cept that,several rotational effects and inhomogeneous effects are discovered,including the finite-size effect,the local rotational suppression effect and the centrifugal effect.We also introduce the relativistic fermion vortices as a set-up to show the net charge imbalance under the magnetic field and vortex field.