Effect Of Physical Activity And Blood Lipid On Obesity Related Chronic Inflammation In Adults And Intervention Effect Of Exercise Combined With Diet On It

Obesity and related diseases are increasing rapidly all over the world.These diseases will not only reduce the quality of life of individuals,but also bring huge burden to families and society.Chronic inflammation plays a key role in the occurrence and development of metabolic diseases and tumors caused by obesity.It is very important for the prevention and treatment of obesity related diseases to know the status and characteristics of obesity related chronic inflammation and its influencing factors and mechanism.Different characteristics of lipid metabolism and different levels of physical activity can cause different chronic inflammation in obese adults,but the internal relationship between them is not clear.This study mainly explores the regulatory effect of physical activity and blood lipid on obesity related chronic inflammation in adults and the intervention effect of exercise combined with diet on it.This study consists of the following three parts.Part one:the influence of physical activity and blood lipid on chronic inflammation caused by obesity.Background:obesity can cause chronic inflammation,which is related to blood lipid and physical activity.However,with the increase of body mass index(BMI),the mode and effect of these factors on chronic inflammation are still unclear.Objective:Physical activity,blood lipid and other indicators were used as covariates,interaction variables and mediating variables to explore the role of BMI in the impact of chronic inflammation.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted among 119 adults with normal weight,overweight and obesity;The subjects were collected from the subjects'morphology(height,weight,BMI,body composition),physical activity,cardiopulmonary function(VO_2max),lipid four items(TC,TG,HDLC,LDLC),adiponectin,and inflammatory indexes(hs-CRP,TNF-?)and other indicators;With inflammation index as dependent variable and BMI as independent variable,physical activity,cardiopulmonary function,blood lipid and adipokines were used as covariates to analyze the effect of BMI on chronic inflammation,and the index with effect over 10%was used as covariates;the selected covariates were used as interaction variables and(or)mediating variables to analyze the effect of covariates on BMI on chronic inflammation;The interference factors were controlled and the influence of BMI on chronic inflammation was analyzed.Results:the effects of physical activity,VO_2max,HDLC and visfatin on chronic inflammation were more than 10%,among them,VO_2maxhas the largest regulatory effect on overweight people,while visfatin has the largest regulatory effect on obese people.As for the effect value(?)of BMI on chronic inflammation,the?value of low physical activity group is3.5 times that of high physical activity group,the?value of low VO_2maxgroup is 2.8times that of high VO_2maxgroup,and the?value of high visfatin group is 3.65 times that of low visfatin group.Nearly 20%of the effect was mediated by visfatin.Conclusion:energy related factors(physical activity,VO2max,HDLC and visfatin)have certain regulatory effects on obesity related chronic inflammation;Increased physical activity,increased VO_2maxand decreased visfatin can alleviate obesity related chronic inflammation.Visfatin plays a partial(nearly 20%)mediating role in obesity induced chronic inflammation;After controlling for age,gender,physical activity,blood lipid and other factors,BMI increase is an independent risk factor for chronic inflammation.Part two:Screening of potential biomarkers of obesity in blood fatty acids and their relationship with chronic inflammation.Background:the first part of the study found that after controlling physical activity,blood lipid and other factors,BMI increase is an independent risk factor for chronic inflammation,suggesting that fat increase is a factor that must be considered in obesity related chronic inflammation.Fatty acids are the main components of fat,and there are many kinds of fatty acids in blood.The relationship between fatty acids and obesity related chronic inflammation is not clear.Objective:to screen potential biomarkers of obesity from blood fatty acids and explore their relationship with obesity related chronic inflammation.Methods:27 normal weight subjects and 25 obese subjects were included,the indexes of morphology,physical activity,cardiopulmonary function,blood lipid,adipokines and inflammation were collected,the contents of fatty acids in blood were measured by targeted lipomics,and the expressions of CD36,TLR4 and NF-?B on different types of leukocytes were measured;the potential biomarkers of obesity were screened from blood fatty acids by discriminant analysis,and the correlation between the screened biomarkers and chronic inflammation was analyzed;the expressions of CD36,TLR4 and NF-?B in leukocytes of different groups were compared.Results:nine potential biomarkers of obesity were screened out in serum fatty acids,which were C16:0,C22:0,C17:1N7,C17:1N7,C18:1N9,C20:5N3,total SFA,total MUFA and total-N3.Six of them were significantly associated with chronic inflammation,which were C16:0,C22:0,C17:1N7,C18:1N9,C20:5N3 and total SFA;The changes of CD36 and TLR4 in monocytes lead to the secondary signal transduction effect,which may activate NF-?B and lead monocytes to pro-inflammatory development.Conclusion:9 fatty acids in blood can be used as potential biomarkers to identify obesity,6 of which are related to chronic inflammation;The high concentration of fatty acids in the blood of obese subjects causes the high expression of CD36,TLR4and NF-?B in monocytes,which makes monocytes develop to pro-inflammatory direction.This process is involved in the chronic inflammation caused by obesity.Part three:To explore the effect of exercise combined with diet on chronic inflammation of obese people based on blood fatty acids.Background:the first part of the study shows that the decline of physical activity can aggravate obesity related chronic inflammation,and the second part shows that the increase of BMI can lead to chronic inflammation by increasing the concentration of some fatty acids.However,in the process of increasing physical activity and reducing BMI,the changes and relationship between blood fatty acids,leukocyte inflammatory pathway and chronic inflammation are not clear.Objective:To explore the way of exercise combined with diet to improve chronic inflammation from fatty acid and leukocyte inflammation signal pathway in blood.Methods:31 obese subjects were treated with exercise and diet intervention for 5 weeks,and the shape,function and inflammation indexes of the subjects before and after intervention were collected,the levels of fatty acids in blood and the expressions of CD36,TLR4 and NF-?B in different types of leukocytes were measured;The average value of each index before and after the intervention was compared to observe the effect of intervention methods on weight loss and anti-inflammatory;the relationship between blood fatty acids and inflammation was understood by regression analysis.Results:the intervention could decrease the degree of obesity,the level of inflammation,the function of heart and lung,the improvement of blood lipid and the decrease of visfatin in obese subjects,the decrease of six fatty acids(C16:0,C22:0,C17:1N7,C18:1N9,C20:5N3,and total SFA),which can recognize obesity and are associated with chronic inflammation,is accompanied by the decrease of obesity chronic inflammation.After intervention,the expression of CD36,TLR4 and NF-?B in peripheral blood monocytes decreased.Conclusion:exercise combined with diet can reduce body weight,improve cardiopulmonary function,reduce blood lipids,reduce the content of fatty acids in blood,and reduce the expression of CD36,TLR4,NF-?B in monocytes,which can reduce the pro-inflammatory reaction of monocytes.These changes are involved in the process of exercise combined with diet to relieve obesity related chronic inflammation.In conclusion,increasing physical activity,improving cardiopulmonary function,decreasing visfatin and reducing blood lipid can alleviate obesity related chronic inflammation,although these factors play a regulatory role in obesity induced chronic inflammation,these regulatory effects can not change the significant effect of obesity on chronic inflammation;the six fatty acids(C16:0,C22:0,C17:1N7,C18:1N9,C20:5N3,total SFA)can be used as potential biomarkers to identify obesity and affect chronic inflammation,obesity increases the concentration of fatty acids in blood and the expression of CD36,TLR4 and NF-?B in monocytes,which is involved in inducing obesity related chronic inflammation;increasing physical activity combined with diet can improve the shape and function of obese subjects,reduce the concentration of fatty acids in the blood and decrease the expression of CD36,TLR4 and NF-?B in monocytes,so as to reduce obesity related chronic inflammation.