Evaluation Of Climate Amenity:Theory,Model And Empirical Studies

As tourism enters the era of vacation and climate change continues to intensify,climate comfort becomes increasingly prominent as a key factor affecting the development of tourism activities and tourism industry.Carrying out climate comfort evaluation is helpful to deeply understand the dynamic mechanism of tourism behavior,scientifically understand the tourism value of natural resources,and is of great significance to optimizing the supply and demand structure of the tourism market and realizing the sustainable development of the tourism industry.After the climatic comfort evaluation model/index completed the transformation from Empirical Models to Rational Models in the 1960 s,it has now entered the development stage of general model and specialized model.In terms of tourism climate comfort evaluation,related evaluation models/indices have also been developed from the introduction of general climate comfort evaluation models to the development of specialized tourism climate comfort evaluation indexes,which have been widely used.Analyzing the existing tourism climate comfort evaluation models,this study found that there are still defects and deficiencies in the theoretical,methodological,and application in the evaluation of tourism climate comfort.Theoretically,although the existing tourism climate comfort evaluation has broken through the limitation of the general climate comfort evaluation model that only focuses on the physiological level of "cold and heat",and proposed an analysis framework of three levels of physiology,physics,and aesthetics.The level only pays attention to "cold and heat",the physical level only pays attention to "wind and rain",and the aesthetic level only pays attention to three dimensions,such as "cloudiness".and meteorological landscape into the evaluation model,which is incomplete in the theoretical framework.In the model,the existing tourism climate comfort evaluation index has a strong subjectivity in the determination of the weight of meteorological indicators,which is widely questioned and constantly adjusted.Therefore,this paper systematically explores the evaluation of tourism climate comfort from the perspectives of theory,model and application,trying to bridge knowledge gap.In theory,this paper expands the analysis framework of the traditional tourism climate comfort evaluation from three levels and three dimensions to three levels and six dimensions,that is,two dimensions such as hot and cold sensation and breathing body sensation are considered at the physiological level.At the physical level,consider the two dimensions of general meteorological elements and special meteorological events,and at the psychological level,consider the two dimensions of background meteorological landscape and patched meteorological landscape,so as to improve the theoretical basis for the evaluation of tourism climate comfort.In the model,the sub-item factors are selected based on the three-level and six-dimensional framework,the projection pursuit evaluation model（PPE）is introduced to determine the factor weights,and the element classification and somatosensory classification are optimized.After comparing,a Modified Tourism Climate Index（MTCI）suitable for my country’s conditions was constructed.Taking China as empirical research,this study obtained daily data of 744 meteorological stations.Using GIS spatial analysis tools,the inter-regional differences of tourist climate comfort periods and tourist climate comfort regions in China from 1991 to 2020 were studied.Utilizing the IPCC’s RCP emission scenarios that participate in the CMIP5 and historical climate data（1961-1990）to demonstrate the sensitivity of China’ tourism climate to a changing climate.The main findings are as follows.The comfort period of the tourism climate is increasing in China.The increase rate in the west of the Hu Huanyong line is significantly greater than that in the east.Seasonally,the tourist climate comfortable regions increased in spring and winter.While,summer will decrease in the future.In a word,The tourism climate comfort period is generally increasing and will peak in2051-2060.In the tourism climate division,selecting division factors index,zoning quantity determination,clustering algorithm selection,zoning boundary analysis,and naming should be judged.This study applies the cluster analysis to building tourism climate zoning in China,which is divided into 4 regions and 16 sub-regions.Also describes the main climatic characteristics and geographic distribution.This study also provides rich insights that potentially enrich the theories of Tourism Resort in China.Meanwhile,it provides a scientific basis for developing the favorable climatic resources in China’s Tourism Resorts,accordingly.This paper studies the multiple analysis of seasonal differences and spatial evolution of my country’s tourism climate comfort（climatic comfort degree,climate comfortable period and climate comfortable region）,which will help us take advantage of climate advantages（such as summer or cold）according to local conditions,and create valuable climate tourism products and At the same time,it also provides a new perspective for us to understand the tourism supply and demand response（adaptation and coping）in the context of climate change,which has a clear instructional significance for guiding tourism activities,developing the holiday industry and improving the living environment.This study can provide tourists with comprehensive and effective reference information tourism climate when selecting destinations.This study can supply a scientific evidence for relevant departments and enterprises to make decisions and plans,and is of great significance to disperse the seasonal pressure,enhance tourist destination image,and conduct the sustainable development of tourism.Also,this paper can supply scientific foundation for the application of tourism climate comfortable indices,and help to address climate change.