Study On The Green Preparation Of Chemomes In Different Levels Of Ginseng

It is a very important way for understanding the TCM prescription through the studying of TCM from different level based on the chemomics approach. External intervention and internal response system of living organism were linked together by combination of chemomics with system biology to acchive a novel "system to system" investigation method for TCM.The investigations of TCM system may be conducted on three-level chemomes step by step, which was from complex to simple. According to the pharmacology, metabolomics and genomics researches on the different chemomes levels, the substance foundation and mechanism of action of TCM could be elaborated clearly. Chemomes obtaining was conducted as the entry point of the research in this theise. Guiding with the green chemistry principles, expanded bed adsorption (EBA) and high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) separation technology were applied here for preparation of chemomes in different level with high efficiency and greenness. The research here not noly provided the substance foundation for further study of TCM chemomics, but also furnish the industrial production with reference methods and technical support.First, a macroporous adsorption resin EBA system was established here for preparation of the effective chemome. The expansion characteristics and hydrodynamic of the EBA was evaluated and characterized. The effects of liquid phase with different viscosities and velocities on the expansion were thoroughly investigated here, and the results were characterized by the Richardson-Zaki equation. Although macroporous has lower density, the expansion ability was the same with the general EBA absorbents with a higher density due to the bigger size. Then, the residence time distribution (RTD) analysis was usded to study the effects of initial sedimented bed height and liquid phase with different viscosities and velocities on the hydrodynamic of EBA based on the tanks in series model and diffusion mode. The results had shown that the macroporous resin EBA system established here had low backmixing behavior, which was met the requirements of expanded bed operation.Second, taking ginseng as an example, the adsorption properties of gensenosides on macroporous resin was investigated. The adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics were thoroughly inverstigated by static adsorption experiments. The results had shown that more than 60% of the adsorption capacity was achieved within 30 min which suggested that it should be possible to achieve good degrees of adsoption under comparatively fast flow rate during expanded operation. The adsorption thermodynamics characteristics were different with the ginsenosides types. ginsenoside-Rg1 and Re fit the better with Langmuir model while ginsenoside-Rb1 fit the better with Freundlich model. The dynamic adsorption capacities of ginsenosides were carried out under packed bed adsorption and expanded bed adsorption modes. Under the same operation conditions, the dynamic adsorption capacity of packed bed mode was 12.5% higher than that of expanded bed mode.Based on the research abovel, an intergration system which fused extraction and adsorption into a continuous dynamic preparation system were estabilished for preparation of ginsenosides.Third, according to the TCM separation features and refering to the synthetic chemical industry, a greenness evaluation system for TCM chomomes preparation process was proposed, which was considered from the mass flow perspective, and combined with the preparation efficiency. A parameter G was used as the main evaluation index for evalution the process greenness. The greenness evaluation system was used to compare the intergration expanded bed preparation processes with packed bed process.Forth, high-speed counter-current chromatography was applied for preparation of effective compounds from the effective chemome of ginseng. As for the complex TCM system, mutil-step separation strategy was adopted here. A two-step counter-current chromatography method was developed here for the prepariton of ginsenosides of dammarane type. The preparation yielded 72.8 mg,76.1 mg,20.4 mg,137.0 mg,58.8mg,85.1 mg and 53.2 mg ginsenoside-Rg1, Re. Rf, Rb1, Rb2, Re and Rd with the purity of 96.2%,97.5%, 94.3%,94.4%,91.6%,92.2% and 95.1%, respectively. After that,63.0 mg of the oleanane-type ginsenoside-Ro with a puirity of 96.0% was obtained by combination of normal-phase medium-pressure liquid chromatography (NP-MPLC) and HSCCC. The preparation results were also evaluated with the greenness evaluation system, and compared with different preparation methods.