| Genetic Mineral Processing Engineering(GMPE),which is based on the genetic characteristics of mineral deposits,ore properties,mineral properties and other mineral processing.It establishes and applies large database and modern information technology,studies and establishes mineral processing "gene" characteristics and mineral processing process flow and beneficiation index.It is a systematic project to simulate and predict the beneficiation process and index of a given ore by using mathematical model.Due to the huge complexity of the project,it is necessary to study the genetic characteristics and flotation rules of various mineral.In this paper,the representative copper minerals chalcopyrite,bornite,malachite,azurite and cuprite are studied.The genetic characteristics of copper minerals,such as crystal structure,energy band structure,density of states,Mulliken layout number,surface energy,breaking bond,surface element distribution,surface ion dissolution and surface electrical properties are studied by means of MS simulation,XPS,solubility test and surface potential.The flotation regularity of copper minerals were studied by different flotation reagents.Based on flotation data,a flotation function model is established to predict and verify the recovery,grade and optimal reagent system of various mixed copper ores,and their flotation mechanism is explained by combining the genetic characteristics of copper minerals with a series of modern test methods.The flotation regularity of copper minerals and the characteristics of crystal chemical genes were analyzed.The natural floatability of copper minerals is determined by fracture surface genes,fracture bond density genes and fracture bond property genes.The flotability of xanthate collectors(NaEX,NaBX and NaIAX),ammonium dibutyl dithiophosphate and diethyldithiocarbamate is bornite>chalcopyrite>azurit? malachit?cuprite,and their flotability is determined by the forbidden bandwidth and the gene of S element on the surface.The flotability of sodium oleate,alkyl hydroxamic acid and salicyldoximic acid is cuprite>malachite>azurite>bornite>chalcopyrite,and their flotability is determined by the characteristic genes of Cu elements on the mineral surface.The flotability of dodecylamine to chalcopyrite and bornite is determined by surface electrical genes,while the flotability of malachite,azurite and cuprite is determined by surface copper ion solubility genes.It is found that the flotability of bornite in sodium sulfide system is better than that of chalcopyrite because of the gene of surface Fe element.The flotation capacity of copper oxide is azurite>malachite>cuprite,which is determined by the surface Cu2+ dissolution gene.The flotability of ammonium sulfate+sodium sulfide for copper oxide is malachite>azurite>cuprite,which is determined by the Cu2+ gene dissolved in copper oxide.The floatability of sodium silicate and sodium hexametaphosphate to malachite,azurite and cuprite after sulfidation is as follows:cuprite>malachite>azurite and cuprite?malachite>azurite.Their floatability is determined by the Cu2+ gene dissolved on the surface of copper oxide after complexation of sodium silicate and sodium hexametaphosphate.The flotability of chalcopyrite and bornite is influenced by Ca2+,Mg2+,but the content of Fe3+has a great influence on chalcopyrite and bornite.The flotability of bornite is better than that of chalcopyrite by surface electrical genes,while the flotability of metal ions to copper oxide after sulfide flotation is determined by the Cu2+ gene leached from the surface of copper oxide.A flotation function model of mixed copper minerals was established based on the distribution coefficients of copper ores and flotation data of each copper ore.The predicted of recovery and grade are consistent with the actual value for mixed copper sulfide in different proportions.For mixed copper sulphide and copper oxide only in the same proportion,the predicted of recovery and grade are consistent with the actual value under the predicted of the reagent and pH value.NaBX is easily to adsorbed on the surface of chalcopyrite and bornite and forms xanthate copper,ferric xanthate and double xanthate on the surface,while Cu2+ on the surface of copper oxide is easy to dissolve and the product xanthate is difficult to fix on the surface,which results in poor floatability.The combined collectors NaIAX and DDA can reduce the concentration of micelles and make the collectors easier to associate and agglomerate on the surface of malachite.Zeta potential measurements and infrared spectra show that NalAX+DDA reacts on the surface of malachite in the form of hydrogen bond adsorption,chemical adsorption and electrostatic adsorption,and forms xanthate copper salts and copper amine complexes.Ammonium sulfate can improve the surface electrical properties of copper oxide minerals to enhance the adsorption of sodium sulfide.SEM-EDS analysis showed that the products of cuprous sulfide on the surface of malachite,azurite and cuprite increased after sulfurization by ammonium sulfate and sodium sulfide.Hydrogen silicate ions produced by sodium silicate in solution,it could reduce the adsorption of NaBX on chalcopyrite and bornite,while the hydrogen silicate ion complexes on the surface of copper oxide,which reduces or prevents the formation of cuprous sulfide on the surface.The study on the interaction between copper sulfide and copper oxide in flotation shows that the adsorption of copper oxide on the surface of copper sulfide increases the flotability of copper oxide when high proportion of copper sulfide is mixed with copper oxide.When high proportion of copper oxide is mixed with copper sulfide,copper sulfide is covered by a large amount of copper oxide in the pulp.Reduce the floatability of copper sulfide.The results of this paper supplement and enrich the relationship between flotation regular of copper minerals and crystal chemical genes in genetic mineral processing.The flotation function model is proposed to predict and explain the flotation mechanism of copper minerals,which has guiding significance for improving genetic mineral processing. |
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