| The development of prairie coal-electricity base has met China's energy strategic needs,while which brought huge impact to the regional eco-environment system.It caused many ecological problems,such as land destruction,groundwater recession and atmospheric pollution.Their ecological disturbance expression and evolution mechanism were not identical and the cumulative effect was significant.It will seriously affect regional energy security and ecological barrier.Realizing real-time monitoring and reasonable evaluation of coal-electricity base eco-environment,can effectively provide the basis for eco-environment protection and restoration compensation regulation of coal-electricity base,and promote the coal-electricity base of ecological civilization construction.Depend on the national key research and development program "ecological restoration and comprehensive improvement technology and demonstration of large coal-electricity base in eastern prairie area"(2016YFC0501109),according to the demand of China's green development energy strategy,taking ecological progress as an opportunity and focusing on the characteristics of eco-environment of prairie coal-electricity base,Shengli coal-electricity base of Xilinguole league in Inner Mongolia was selected as the typical research area.Based on the multi-source spatial dynamic monitoring technology,using the system analysis method,the disturbance law analysis and monitoring evaluation of the spatial and temporal conditions of the eco-environment in this region were carried out.The main research contents and results were as follows:(1)A CE-PDST ecosystem driving mechanism for coal-electricity base was constructed based on PDCA and life cycle.The characteristics of eco-environment of prairie coal-electricity base were summarized and the spatial and temporal development trend of the impact of three disturbance sources on eco-environment in coal mine,thermal power plant and coal city was analyzed.The temporal and spatial development characteristics of coal-electricity base were discussed in stages and the periodic development law of coal-electricity base ecosystem was revealed.According to the development status of disturbance sources at each stage of the life cycle of coal-electricity base and the disturbance characteristics of eco-environment,the evolution of eco-environment system was analyzed from two perspectives:disturbance source sub-cycle and eco-environment unit sub-cycle.(2)The technical framework and system of "acquisition,processing,fusion and analysis" for multi-source spatial data was established.Based on the spatial data,statistical data and survey data obtained by spatial information technology,methods such as post-classification processing of remote sensing images with medium,medium and high spatial resolution depend on neighborhood information constraints,multi-source and multi-scale DEM fusion,and aerosol thickness inversion combined with "dark pixel method" and "deep blue algorithm" were proposed.Image parameter inversion,data fusion,statistical analysis,spatial data mining and spatial analysis and other technical means were used to provide data and technical support for analyzing the disturbance law and change characteristics of land environment,water environment and atmospheric environment parameters in the coal-electricity base and comprehensive evaluation of eco-environment in multi-spatial and temporal scales.(3)The spatial and temporal effects of land use type,vegetation cover,soil erosion and atmospheric environment on the scale of coal-electricity base were analyzed and disturbance source identification was realized.According to the characteristics of Shengli coal-electricity base,the land use classification system was constructed.Land use dynamic index model and coal-electricity development driving index were used to analyze the driving force of land use type transfer in coal-electricity development.The spatial correlation analysis method of GIS was used to detect the temporal and spatial changes of vegetation cover from the perspectives of global evolution and local effect.According to the characteristics of soil erosion in the study area,a water-wind compound model of soil erosion was established and the total modulus of soil erosion was estimated.The model's applicability was verified by empirical model.AOD,SO2 and NO2 in the study area were obtained through remote sensing inversion,and their reliability was verified by using data from the ground observation station.The results prove that: coal-electricity base development was the main driving force of land use type transfer in the study area.Vegetation destruction,soil erosion and air pollution all took the Open-pit mining area,power plant area and Xilinhot city as disturbance hot spots.With the continuous expansion of the scale of development,the degree of disturbance gradually strengthened.(4)Ecological disturbance law and ecological restoration benefit evaluation were carried out on the scale of Open-pit mine which was the typical disturbance source.According to the disturbance mechanism of the Open-pit mine land unit,seven kinds of land use transfer modes were summarized,and the weighted model of the disturbance gravity center was established.The driving law of CE-PDST was verified by the transfer distance and direction of the weighted gravity center in different stages.According to the four transfer modes of disturbed land use types that have been formed in the first mining area of open-pit mine.The spatial-temporal evolution rules of vegetation index during the transfer process were studied,by establishing the driving relationship between NDVI,topographic factor,meteorological factor,and artificial restoration factor.Some effective suggestions were put forward to improve the land reclamation benefit of the dump.Based on the multi-period monitoring data of monitoring wells,the variation rule of diving level in Shengli No.1 open-pit mine was analyzed.The influence radius and static water level of groundwater by open-pit mining were determined by regression trend analysis.It provided a basis for determining the relocation range of residents affected by the drop of groundwater level and analyzing the influence law of groundwater level change on the variation of vegetation on the ground based on the influence radius.(5)By identifying the ecological benefit response factor and referring to the technical specification of eco-environment condition evaluation in 2015,a comprehensive evaluation index system of the eco-environment was constructed.The weights of various indicators were calculated by using the analytic hierarchy process.This analysis was used to explore the temporal and spatial change rules of the regional ecology,comprehensively evaluate,and analyze the eco-environment of the region in2000,2005,2010 and 2015,stemming from the multi-temporal and spatial scales such as the coal-electricity base,the functional area unit,and the most suitable grid unit.The results showed that the overall eco-environment of the study area was in a good state from 2000 to 2015.From 2005 to 2010,the development scale of the coal-electricity base expanded rapidly,resulting in an obvious deterioration trend.The deterioration was mainly concentrated in the open-pit mining area,power station area,urban area of Xilinhot city,urban settlements,and the bilateral area of provincial highway S307.Moreover,a ladder buffer zone was formed within the areas around the open-pit mining and power station,and the urban and residential zones served as the center.This confirmed the cumulative effect of the negative disturbances to the eco-environment caused by open-pit mining,power station development and urban construction.From 2010 to 2015,the reclamation of the dump in the open-pit mining area,the controlled discharge of the power station,the construction of an urban wetland park and the greening along provincial highway S307 have effectively improved the local eco-environment.It reflected the importance of ecological restoration and regulation to eco-environment restoration.According to the results of eco-environment evaluation and its spatial and temporal development rules,the eco-environment in the study area in 2020 was simulated based on the GMR.A multi-source dynamic monitoring platform with the trinity of "monitoring,evaluation and management" based on big data for the eco-environment of prairie coal-electricity base and the control counter measures for the establishment of the circular management mode of "5W+2H+E" for the eco-environment restoration were put forward,providing an effective way for the sustainable development of the coal-electricity base.There are 91 figures,65 tables,221 references in the dissertation. |
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