| Whey powder is a kind of functional food with high nutritional value,and it is also a natural and safe antioxidant biological active substance.In recent years,the research on whey powder in China is mainly represented by bovine whey powder,and mainly focuses on studying the extraction,composition,structure analysis and processing properties of whey powder,while there are few reports on its biological function.There are relatively few studies on the anti-aging function of different species of whey powder.The study based on cattle,sheep and donkey whey powder as raw materials is about to explore the effect of whey powder on clearance of DPPH free radical,and to analyze the influence of whey powdered in the D-galactose senile mice oxidatie stress,inflammation,aging and the influence of the structure of intestinal flora belong degrees.A qualitative discriminant model and a quantitative prediction model of body weight growth rate for the anti-aging effect of sheep whey powder on aging mice were established based on the real-time,rapid and non-invasive evaluation of fecal odor information.It is expected to provide a reference for clarifying the role of whey powder in regulating intestinal flora of aging organisms,improving oxidative stress and inflammatory aging of the body,and thus delaying aging,and to reduce the consumption of experimental animals in the experiment,and to provide a new idea for the next animal experiments and human experiments.The main research results are as follows:(1)The main components of cow,sheep and donkey whey powder were analyzed.The major difference among the different spices whey powder is the content of whey protein.The whey protein content of sheep whey powder was 15.8/100 g,donkey whey powder was 10.4/100 g and cow whey powder was 6.9/100 g.The main components of all of three kinds of whey protein included ?-lactoglobulin(?-LG),?-lactoprotein(?-LA),serum albumin(SA)and lactoferrin(LF).It manifests that the content of whey protein in whey powder of different breeds was different,and the contents of various protein components were slightly different.Only donkey whey protein contained higher LYS.The lactose content of whey powder of different breeds was about 70g/100 g,and the difference was small.(2)The internal and external antioxidant properties of cow,sheep and donkey whey powder were illuminated.The DPPH free radical scavenging ability of cow,sheep and donkey whey powder increased with the increase of the concentration of whey powder in the range of 2 to 6mg/m L.Compared with normal mice,aging mice prepared with D-galactose showed poor health signs,with weight growth rate 0.356 ± 0.311%,a mortality rate is up to 26.7%,an increase in serum MDA content and a decrease in SOD activity(P < 0.05).After intervention with different concentrations of cattle,sheep and donkey whey powder,the health status of mice was significantly improved,especially the mortality of mice in the sheep whey powder medium dose group was reduced to0%,the body weight growth rate(7.282% ± 0.351)was even better than that in the VC positive intervention group,while the serum MDA content was significantly decreased and SOD was significantly increased(compared with aging control,P < 0.05).Compared with whey powder of different species,sheep whey powder was better than cow and donkey whey powder in improving SOD level in serum.In the whey powder of the same breed,the antioxidant activity of bovine whey powder at high concentration was slightly higher than that at low and medium concentration.There was no significant difference among the three concentration gradients of the sheep whey powder.The three concentration gradients of donkey whey powder were directly proportional to SOD content.The results showed that the external antioxidant capacity of whey powder was proportional to the concentration of whey powder,and it could effectively reduce the oxidative stress in aging mice.(3)The effects of cow,sheep and donkey whey powder on enhancing immune function of the body were clarified.Compared with normal mice,the thymus ratio and Ig G content of D-galactose aging mice were significantly decreased,the contents of IL-2 and IL-6 were significantly increased,and the liver tissue lesions such as congestion,exudation and focal stiffness were observed,indicating that the aging body was in a state of long-term chronic inflammation.The content of IL-2(P < 0.05)and IL-6(P <0.05)decreased with the increase of thymus ratio(P < 0.05)and the increase of Ig G(P< 0.05),indicating that whey powder can improve the chronic inflammation of liver in aging organisms.However,the nutritional supplement of whey powder led to steatosis in liver tissue,and the liver steatosis of mice with sheep whey powder intervention was the most serious.(4)The effects of cattle,sheep and donkey whey powder on the structure and abundance of aging intestinal flora were analyzed.The ? index of aging group was significantly lower than that of other groups.In cattle,sheep and donkey whey powder in the treatment group,in addition to the sheep whey powder low dose group and aging of intestinal flora have similar results,other intervention group Observed?species and chao1 values were significantly increased,especially the sheep in the whey powder dosage group even had a close result with VC group,which shows after intervented in aging mice with cattle,sheep and donkey whey powder,the spices of intestinal bacterial increased obviously.Lactobacillus,Stenotrophomonas and Helicobacter were the dominant bacteria groups in the overall effect of cattle,sheep and donkey whey powder at different concentrations on the flora.After intervention,the abundance of lactic acid bacteria increased significantly(compared with the aging group,P < 0.05),which was similar to that of the VC-positive control group,or even higher than that of the normal control group.The relative abundance of oligotrophomonas in the aging group was significantly higher than that in the other groups.Although the relative abundance of Helicobacter pylori was not significantly different among the groups,its numerical value in the aging group was significantly higher than that in the other groups.The results showed that whey powder had a positive effect on improving the structure and abundance of intestinal microflora in aging mice.(5)Analysis of anti-aging mechanism of cow,sheep and donkey whey powder.Correlation analysis of anti-aging index and ? index of cow,sheep and donkey whey powder with different concentrations showed that Chao1 and ACE indexes in ? index were positively correlated with SOD content,indicating that the diversity of intestinal flora was consistent with the change trend of SOD content in the body.The main relationship between Anti-aging index of different concentration whey powder of cattle,sheep and donkeys is that,the relative abundance of lactic acid bacteria was positively correlated with SOD,Ig G and thymus index,while negatively correlated with MDA,IL-2 and IL-6.The relative abundance of oligotrophomonas was opposite to that of lactic acid bacteria.The abundance of Helicobacter pylori was only positively correlated with IL-2 and IL-6.These results indicated that the increase in the abundance of beneficial bacteria lactobacillus and the decrease in the abundance of oligotrophomonas in the intestinal flora may be involved in the improvement of oxidative stress and inflammatory immunity in aging organisms by whey powder,thus promoting the bodys resistance to aging.(6)A prediction model was established to evaluate the internal anti-aging effect of sheep whey powder by using the odor information of feces.After the treatment with whey powder,the response signal of electronic nose sensor in mouse feces was significantly changed,and the odor information of mouse feces was strongly correlated with the dominant bacteria in intestinal tract and anti-aging indexes in vivo.The qualitative discriminant model of the intervention effect of whey powder was established by using the odor information combined with the standard discriminant analysis,which could effectively distinguish the high-dose whey protein intervention group from the control group.In the established qualitative discrimination model of the intervention process,the samples of each group were distributed regularly with the intervention time.The quantitative prediction model R2 of mouse body weight growth rate based on multiple linear regression analysis was between 0.4591 and 0.7026,which could realize the prediction of mouse body weight growth rate. |
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