Preparation Technology,Performance Optimization And Effect Mechanism Of Radioluminescent Nuclear Battery

With the development of space technology,human exploration of space is also deepening.Spacecraft can venture into outer planets and even in the outer space of almost no sunlight,benefiting from long-life nuclear batteries.Nuclear batteries offer potential application opportunities for future space exploration,low-power MEMS and wearable smart electronic devices.Among them,the radioluminescent nuclear battery with high energy density,strong environmental applicability and miniaturization design can be an important branch in the development of new micro-energy.This thesis focuses on the battery design,preparation and optimization.In this study,the physical process of each energy transduction stage,the physical parameters of the phosphor layer,the battery structure design,the radioluminescent spectra modulation,and radioluminescence emission enhancement.The main research contents and conclusions are summarized as follows:(1)The energy conversion mechanism of the radioluminescent nuclear battery was deeply analyzed.The theoretical calculations involved in the three stages of radioisotope originating from spontaneous decay,radioluminescent and photovoltaic effect were investigated.The preparation method and processing technology of the energy-transducing material are expounded.Increasing the activity of the isotope source and the energy of the radioactive particles,improving the radioluminescent efficiency,improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency,and enhancing the irradiation stability can optimize the overall output performance.At the same time,it is pointed out that the higher the degree of matching between the components,the higher energy conversion efficiency of the battery.(2)A series of different phosphor layer were prepared by physical sedimentation method.The optical and electrical properties of different phosphor layers were tested under ⁶³Ni and ¹⁴⁷Pm sources excitation.The MCNP5 was used to calculate the effective radiation deposition energy behavior in the phosphor layer.As the mass thickness of the phosphor layer increases,the radioluminescent intensity and the electrical performance parameters first increase and then decrease,and there is an optimal mass thickness.Moreover,for the same experimental conditions,the luminescent intensity and the maximum output power vary linearly.The results also show that the coupling between the emission spectrum and the spectral response is an effective way to improve the energy conversion efficiency.(3)A series of Zn S:Cu phosphor layers with different structure geometric parameters were prepared by tape adhesion method.The optical and the corresponding electrical properties were tested to analyze the effects of structural parameters and output performance.Combined with the Monte Carlo program MCNP5,different fine structure models were established to simulate the radiation deposition energy.The experimental results are in agreement with the simulation results.When the thickness of the phosphor layer is close to the radioactive particle range,a good output performance can be achieved.When the two do not match,the output performance can be improved by optimizing the phosphor layer structure design.Moreover,when the battery is in a vacuum environment,the loss of radiation energy can be effectively reduced,especially for high-energy particles.(4)The preparation process,photoluminescence properties of Cs Pb Br₃ perovskite quantum dot thin film materials and their applications in the radioluminescent nuclear batteries have been studied.Based on the ion irradiation damage calculation program SRIM,the irradiation stability of Cs Pb Br₃films were tested and discussed.Optical and electrical properties changes caused by the use of Cs Pb Br₃ quantum dots for spectral regulation optimization were investigated.The results show that when the thickness parameter of the quantum dot thin film is in a suitable period,the electrical output performance of the nuclear battery is superior the direct energy conversion mode under the same excitation condition.The Cs Pb Br₃ quantum dots can effectively enhance the spectral response coupling degree,and greatly improve the output power of the battery.Moreover,Cs Pb Br₃ quantum dot thin film has good radiation resistance,and can work stably and effectively for a long time.(5)A novel type of radioluminescent material using Cd Se/Zn S core-shell quantum dot coupled with Au/Ag nanoparticles was prepared.The variation between the content of metal nanoparticles and the optical output performance in the oil-phase and water-phase system was analyzed.The effects of the genus phase,the emission wavelength and concentration on the optical properties were discussed.The physical mechanism of the synergistic effect was further explored.The luminescence stability of different types of coupling systems over time was studied.The results show that the nano-coupling system can indeed improve the luminescence emission intensity and battery output performance.In contrast,the luminescence emission enhancement effect and luminescence stability of the oil phase nano-coupling system are superior to the aqueous phase nano-coupling system.The research work will provide a guide and reference for the development of future radioluminescent and other related types of miniaturized nuclear batteries,and promote the development of new advanced micro-nano nuclear energy.