Photo Cured 3D Porous Acrylate Membrane(Silica-carbon(SiO₂-C) And Quaternized Fluorine Prepolymer For Various Applications

The research work consists of three portions that includes:1.Photo cured 3D porous Silica-carbon(SiO2-C)membrane as anode material for high performance rechargeable Li-ion batteriesOrganic materials(membranes)have gained much attention,because of simple fabrication with uniform porous structure and are potential candidates for variety of applications,such as tissue engineering,solvent purification,hydrogen storage,water and gas separation,fuel cells and lithium ion batteries.Due to good rate capacity and high energy density,lithium ion batteries(LIBs)had been used indifferent electric appliances such as mobile phones,laptops,and vehicles etc.Considering more challenging demands in different applications,promising electrode materials have been required with high specific capacity and longer life cycle.From last few decades,commercialized graphite was used in LIBs as an anode,because of its better stability and capacity retention,without noticeable capacity fading during the cyclin.The graphite applications were limited,because of lesser theoretical capacity of 372 mAhg-1.Different materials as anode were investigated to make high performance LIBs such as Silicon(Si),Tin(Sn),metal alloys and Aluminum.Among these,Si considered as most suitable anode,because of higher theoretical specific capacity of 4200 mAhg-1,better electrochemical alloy/de-alloy potential[(<0.5 V vs.Li/Lip)]and high gravimetric for next generation battery applications.Silicon based anode materials has got significant attention in recent years due to its environmental affinity,lower cost and high capacity in lithium ion batteries.The Photo cured 3D porous Silica-carbon membrane(SiO2-C material)was synthesized via binary phase solid state photo-polymerization,freeze dried to obtain porous membrane and then used as template to get silica deposited membrane by chemical vapor deposition method(CVD)at 30?,followed by calcination.while the silicon deposition has been confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)and energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS).The Barret-Joyner-Halenda(BJH)pore size distribution results showed the pore size of 10.2924 nm and surface area of 21.1957 m2/g with cumulative pore volume of 0.040248 cm3/g.The first discharge capacity reached to 719 mAhg-1 with 79.94%columbic efficiency regarding first cycle and discharge capacity for 100 cycles reached to 693 mAhg-1 with 99%columbic efficiency,which indicated high reaction reversibility.The silicon deposition with a porous structure improved the electronic conductivity and stabilized the material.The better electrochemical performance observed could be due to porous structure and carbon matrix of SiO2C material.2.Binary phase solid state Photo-Polymerization behavior of porous acrylate membrane using different irradiation sourcesTwo types of cryogels were obtained using 2-Hydroxyethyl acrylate(HEA)and 2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate(HEMA)by homogeneous mixing with Poly(ethylene glycol)diacrylate(PEGDA)as cross linker at subzero temperature followed by photo-Polymerization with two different light initiation sources(high-pressure Hg arc and UV-LED).The solution was frozen unidirectionally at-60? prior to polymerization and finally polymerized at same temperature.The cryogels were characterized using Photo-DSC,UV-vis,FTIR and SEM techniques.The LED light cured cryogels showed higher polymerization rate and better morphological characteristics than UV-Mercury cured ones.The water intake ratio of HEA/PEGDA was higher than HEMA/PEGDA in both the curing sources.2.Synthesis of Quaternized fluorine-containing polyacrylic acrylate(QFPAA)for antibacterial ApplicationIn this study,A quaternary ammonium salt(QAS)has been successfully synthesized and used as an antibacterial agent.The chemical structure of QAS was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy has been used for confirmation of nitrogen atom.The Quaternized Fluorine acrylate prepolymers were synthesized having variable fluorine content,molecular weight and QAS using solution free radical polymerization,followed by esterification.