The Spatial Structure Of "School-Residence" Network In Shenyang

As an important part of urban spatial structure,the relationship between living and studying space has an important influence on urban functional layout and spatial organization.Moreover,the interaction between the living and studying space will also bring about the replacement of its surrounding functional space,such as business,entertainment and other functional spaces will be correspondingly arranged,which will promote the improvement of urban vitality and residents' living standards in the surrounding areas.In addition,the dense traffic flow between living and school space in the working day has a great impact on urban road traffic in a fixed period of time,which is one of the important reasons for the "morning and evening" peak of urban traffic.Due to the uneven distribution of high-quality education resources,the "space mismatch" between housing and school supply and demand makes parents and children "cross regional school choice" widespread,which brings a large number of long-distance school trips,further aggravating the problem of urban traffic congestion.It can be seen that the study on the relationship between residence and school space is of great significance to optimize the urban spatial structure and traffic organization.Therefore,this paper takes Shenyang as a case study,uses the travel-to-school OD data of mobile signaling in May 2018,to explore the school-residence spatial relationship and characteristics of travel-to-school distance in Shenyang.It analyzes the structural characteristics and driving mechanism of school-residence network,summarizes the organizational model of Shenyang's living and learning space,and then puts forward the optimization strategy of the school-residence space structure in Shenyang.This paper is divided into five parts:The first part consists of the first two chapters.This part explains the research background,puts forward the research questions,and defines the research significance,research methods,research objectives and framework.It defines the related concepts of school-residence network,combs and reviews the relevant theories and research progress at home and abroad,which is the theoretical basis of the full text.The second part is empirical research,which consists of the third and fourth chapter.In the third chapter,based on the data of mobile signaling and poi,the spatial pattern characteristics of students' living and studying in Shenyang are discussed,and the matching of students' living and studying space is quantitatively evaluated from different service areas.The population density and the travel-to-school distance are fitted and analyzed,and the threshold value of school distance and the range of attracting students' studying are obtained,and then the travel-to-school districts of Shenyang are divided.The fourth chapter uses the complex network model to construct the directed weighted school-residence network,and measures the structural characteristics of the school-residence network from the aspects of node distribution,macro pattern,hierarchical connection,and community structure in Shenyang.The third part is the mechanism discussion,namely the fifth chapter.Based on the third and fourth chapter,the paper discusses the spatial relationship and the structure characteristics of school-residence network,combining with the "push-pull" theory,from the aspects of residence,school and travel-to-school process,explains the influence mechanism of school-residence network structure in Shenyang.Take the use of QAP analysis method and geographical probe to quantitatively analyze the effect intensity of relevant factors,then obtains the school-residence network structure driven mechanism.The fourth part is practical application,that is chapter six.This chapter discusses the elements of the urban network structure,and extracts the main structure unit of the school-residence space in Shenyang.analyzing the organizational form of the schoolresidence space unit,and sums up the organizational mode of the school-residence in Shenyang.In view of the problems existing in the school-residence structure in Shenyang,the optimization strategies are put forward from the aspects of building a multi center residence-school space structure,guiding the layout of living and school space under the balance of school-residence,improving the urban public transport system to relieve the pressure of general school traffic,and establishing a dynamic layout and management system of educational facilities.The fifth part is the conclusion and discussion,which is the seventh chapter.This chapter summarizes the main conclusions of this study,analyzes the possible research innovations and shortcomings,and makes research prospects.The results show that:(1)the living space of students in Shenyang is mainly distributed in the periphery of the urban center,while the studying space is mostly concentrated in the urban center.From the perspective of the ratio of living and studying in different service areas,the rate of excessive commuting and the travel-toschool flow,the matching of living and studying space in Shenyang is low.(2)According to the power-law decreasing distribution characteristics of the students' density and the travel-to-school distance in Shenyang,the threshold value of the school distance in kindergarten is 1.30 km,that in primary school and middle school is 1.50 km,and that within 5.0km is the concentration range of the student density.The average distance between students in Shenyang is large,which is related to the uneven distribution of high-quality education resources.(3)The node distribution of Shenyang residence-school network presents "rich club",with the characteristics of matching,and the phenomenon of education capitalization is obvious.The weighted outdegree and weighted indegree of nodes show a certain linear attenuation trend under the logarithmic scale,and the network has scale-free characteristics and hierarchy.(4)The relationship between residence and school in Shenyang presents the characteristics of "axis and spoke" structure,which has the characteristics of small world network.The residence-school network in Shenyang is characterized by hierarchical structure,the first two levels of connection are mainly formed the main structure of school-residence network.The characteristics of "small groups" in the school-residence network of Shenyang are obvious,and it has a high spatial coupling with the distribution of Shenyang administrative region.(5)The structure of schoolresidence network is formed by the push factors such as house price,population and traffic convenience,the pull factors such as school location,school influence,school scale and local government behavior,and the resistance factors such as space distance and traffic congestion.Among them,the school influence has the greatest impact on the residence-school network,and space distance has the least impact on it.(6)The school-residence space in Shenyang is characterized by a single center structure,and it is an effective measure to guide the school flows to gather in multiple centers.The main flow of travel-to-school is the inward in the core area and a large number of school-residence connections from the peripheral area to the core area.(7)The relationship between living space and school space is an important aspect of urban spatial structure.In view of the problem of mismatch between the living and school space in Shenyang,as well as the problem of too large distance between the living space and schools,the optimization of living-studying structure in Shenyang can further promote the healthy development of the overall spatial structure in Shenyang.