Research On Location Optimization Method Of Multi-level Park And Ride Facilities Under Urbanization Background

With the acceleration of the urbanization process,the space between suburb and downtowns constantly grows and the demand for regional collaborative development is prominent.The residents' single travel mode gradually transits to the combined multi-modes,and the comprehensive transportation system is developing towards the direction of intensive and efficient.Park and ride(P+R)facility,as an important measure of traffic demand management,can guide individual travel to transit mode.Park and ride facility is the main measure to improve public transport share rate,alleviate urban road congestion and improve urban environmental pollution.Therefore,under the background of urbanization,how to combine the characteristics of residents' travel demand and the differences of location planning objectives of P+R facilities at different levels,and reasonably site P+R facilities under the limited land resources,is the main emphasis of location planning research of P+R facility.Based on the in-depth analysis of the coverage demand characteristics,multi-mode traffic network structure,travel choice behavior characteristics and function characteristics of P+R facility under different scenarios,this paper takes suburban P+R facilities and urban P+R facilities as research objects under the background of urbanization.According to the access to information integrity of the traffic network attributes and travel demand characteristic data,the paper proposes simplified transportation network and multi-mode transportation super network,and proposes multi-level location optimization methods of P+R facilities.The main work and research results are summarized as follows:(1)Location optimization of suburban P+R facilities considering coverage demand characteristicsThe scenario in this section is based on incomplete information obtained from traffic network attributes and travel characteristics data.Considering the influence of the spatial layout of rail transit stations on the demand scope of P+R facilities coverage,the principles of proximity selection and demand coverage are improved.Considering the influences of travel distance on the coverage demand of P+R facilities,the demand intensity of P+R facility coverage is analyzed based on the travel choice behavior model and the progressive cooperation coverage function.Considering the coverage characteristics of P+R facilities,the maximization of the mileage of private cars cut off by P+R facilities and coverage demands of P+R facilities are set as the objective function.Optimization model for location method of suburban and urban P+R facilities are proposed based on the cooperative gradual covering location model and travel choice behavior model.Based on the genetic algorithm,the P+R facility location model is solved,and the model built is compared with the model without considering the demand characteristics of P+R facility coverage,which verifies the effectiveness of the model.The location optimization method proposed in this part can provide the basis for the study of location methods of P+R facilities in the suburbs and urban under the situation of incomplete information of traffic network attributes and travel characteristics data.The method is practical for for the study of location methods of P+R facilities in the suburbs and urban,and provides a basis for further research.(2)Location optimization of suburban P+R facilities under multi-modes transportation super networkThe scenario in this section is suburban P+R travel based on complete information obtained from traffic network attributes and travel characteristics data with inner suburb travel and inter city travel.Considering the suburban travel process and multi-mode traffic network structure,the multi-mode traffic super network structure and the generalized travel cost function of each link are constructed.Considering the characteristics of intercity long-distance travel with the similarity of combined travel mode and path selection,the bi-level programming model of location method of suburban P+R facilities is constructed.The NL-CNL model is constructed as the lower objective function,and the minimization of vehicle emissions is constructed as the upper objective function.Based on genetic algorithm and MSA algorithm,a solution method is designed.Based on the Sixfall network,the model is compared with the P+R facility location model which does not consider the travel behavior selection characteristics,and the effectiveness of the model is verified.The location optimization method proposed in this part can reflect the supply and demand characteristics of P+R facilities in the suburb scenario,and enrich the location method system of P+R facilities under the multi-mode transportation super network.(3)Location optimization of urban P+R facilities with multi-user and uncertain demandThe scenario in this section is urban P+R travel based on the heterogeneity and uncertainty of travel demand.The paper divides the urban travel demand into commuters and non-commuters with different travel purposes.Based on the analysis of the uncertain non-commuter travel demand,the generalized travel cost function is constructed.According to the differences between commuters and non-commuters on the estimation error of route generalized travel cost and the sensitivity of travel mode service level,the bi-level programming model of location method of urban P+R facilities is constructed.The stochastic user equilibrium model with the multi-user is constructed as the lower objective function.The minimization of the worst-case total impedance of transportation network system is constructed as the upper objective function under non-commuter travel demand disturbance.Based on genetic algorithm and MSA algorithm,the solution method is designed.Based on the Sixfall network,the robust solution of the model is compared with the nominal solution,and the effectiveness of the model is verified.The location optimization method of P+R facilities proposed in this part can reflect the supply and demand characteristics of P+R facilities in the urban scenario,and enrich the location method system of P+R facilities under the multi-user and uncertain demand.(4)Location optimization of urban united use P+R facilities with capacity constraintsThe scenario in this section is based on tight land resources and parking resources in the urban area.Considering the building supporting parking facilities and social parking lot around the rail transit station,this paper puts forward the service mode of united use P+R facilities,that is,some parking spaces are converted into united use of P+R parking spaces.Considering the differences between the united use P+R facilities and conventional parking facilities and the parking facilities choice behavior,a multi-mode traffic super network structure under the united use P+R facilities service mode is constructed.The generalized cost function of super links is constructed considering the difference of parking charges in united use P+R facilities;Considering the characteristics of travel choice behavior with capacity constraints,the bi-level programming model of location method of urban united use P+R facilities is constructed.Mixed user equilibrium model with capacity constraints is constructed as the lower objective function,and the minimization of total impedance of transportation network system is constructed as the upper objective function.Based on the genetic algorithm and MSWA hybrid algorithm based on Augmented Lagrange algorithm,the solution method is designed.Based on the Sixfall network,the proposed location model is compared with the model without parking capacity constraints,and the effectiveness of the proposed model is verified.The location optimization method proposed in this part can reflect the supply and demand characteristics of P+R facilities in the urban scenario,and enrich the location method system of P+R facilities under the situation of tight land resources and parking demand.Based on the differences and emphases of location planning objectives of P+R facilities at different levels,the paper proposes a multi-level location method of P+R facilities under the background of urbanization.The research ideas,methods and results involved in this paper can provide reference for the decision making of P+R facilities planning and construction,promote the structural reform of transportation supply side,and promote the development of urbanization,which has important theoretical value and practical significance.