| Zanthoxylum armatum is a significant variety of Zanthoxylum in hilly areas of Sichuan province.Its planting management and yield are directly related to the forestry efficiency and the income of forest farmers in mountainous areas of Sichuan Province.Establishing a fertilization system for Z.armatum and obtaining a scientific and reasonable formula fertilization amount is of great significance for guiding the formula fertilization in Z.armatum garden.This study was taken as research objects,and the growth and fruiting characteristics of branches and leaves were studied by the management of cutting,instead of cutting and returning branches and leaves to field.Through the orthogonal experiment design to the formula fertilization experiment of Z.armatum seedlings and 3-year-old Z.armatum,the experiment of Nitrogen(N),Phosphorus(P)and Potassium(K)formula fertilization on 6-year-old and 9-year-old Z.armatum were carried out.The effects of different N,P and K formula fertilization treatments on the growth,yield,quality,physiological and biochemical characteristics,nutrient absorption and utilization,and soil fertility of Z.armatum were calculated or measured.A fertilizer response model was established to obtain the optimum fertilization amount,which provided a theoretical basis for scientific fertilization management of Z.armatum.Through the experimental study,the main results were as following:(1)N,P and K fertilization can significantly promote the growth of Z.armatum seedlings,increased the plant diameter,plant height and crown width,increase biomass,and promotes the accumulation of dry matter.The diameter and height of Z.armatum seedlings were increased respectively.The biomass was 17.3~45.2 g/plant.Regression fitting of the three dimensional quadratic equation of biomass(dry matter accumulation)and N,P and K fertilizer were used to solve the maximum biomass of Z.armatum seedlings,which were61.9%FWC,N,P and K were 181.6,65.4 and 158.2 kg/hm~2.Formula fertilization significantly increased shoot germination,shoot number and aboveground biomass of 3-year-old,6-year-old and 9-year-old Z.armatum.The 3-year-old stand of Z.armatum were211.7,91.1 and 188.9 g/plant;the 6-year-old stand of Z.armatum were 265.7,61.3 and 142.9g/plant;the 9-year-old stand of Z.armatum were divided into 234.8,77.1 and 237.6 g/plant.(2)Formula fertilization of N,P and K could significantly improve the yield and quality of Z.armatum at different forest ages.The yield of fresh of 3-year-old Z.armatum was 5400.0~6433.3 g/plant,and the comprehensive value of quality was 2.41~7.43 times higher than that of treatment.The yield of 6-year-old Z.armatum i was 4545.7~6380.9 g/plant.The comprehensive value of quality was 3.18~8.55 times that of non-fertilization treatment.The yield of 9-year-old Z.armatum was 5364.3~8215.1 g/plant.The comprehensive value of quality was 2.65~8.30 times that of non-fertilization treatment.The interaction of N and P,N and K,P and K in a certain range can promote the yield and quality of Z.armatum.The best N,P and K application rates of fresh Z.armatum were 202.8~219.3,98.0~109.2 and192.5~254.5 g/plant,respectively,and 323.4~346.7,49.0~51.3 and 214.1~227.6 g/plant in the 6-year-old stand of Z.armatum.N,P and K application rates were 343.7~3375.0,57.2~58.6 and 197.0~229.7 g/plant,respectively.(3)N,P and K fertilization treatment can significantly improve the physiological and biochemical indexes of Z.armatum at different forest ages,that enhance the stress resistance of Z.armatum plants,and enhance the overall tree potential of Z.armatum.The activities of cytoprotective enzymes(SOD,POD,CAT and PPO)of Z.armatum were increased,the contents of osmotic substance(SS,SP and PRO)were also increased,and the R value and MDA content of membrane lipid products were decreased.The comprehensive physiological and biochemical values of 3-year-old Z.armatum was 3.09~12.17 times of those of non-fertilization treatment.The comprehensive physiological and biochemical values of 6-year-old and 9-year-old Z.armatum were 1.96~4.91 times and 2.15~5.91 times of those of non-fertilization treatments,respectively.A quadratic equation function of fertilizer effect was established for the comprehensive value of plant physiological and biochemical characteristics,and the application rates of N,P and K were 181.6,65.4 and 158.2 g/plant respectively when the comprehensive value of plant physiological and biochemical characteristics was the largest in 3-year-old stand;the application rates of N,P and K in 6-year-old stand were 228.8,49.7 and 204.9 g/plant respectively;and the application rates of N,P and K in 9-year-old stand were 248.4,51.7 and 158.2 g/plant respectively.159.0 g/plant.(4)Formula fertilization of N,P and K can significantly promote the absorption of N,P and K nutrients.Nutrient uptake of N,P and K in Z.armatum seedlings showed fertilizer use efficiency of N,P and K were 24.5~44.4%,3.6~6.6%and 15.9~29.8%respectively.Fertilizer utilization rates of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers of 3-year-old Z.armatum were 13.2~34.0%,13.6~25.5% and 9.9~30.9%,respectively.The fertilizer utilization rates of 6-year-old Z.armatum were 9.6~17.8%,36.3~51.8%and 26.2~40.9%respectively.The fertilizer utilization rates of 9-year-old Z.armatum were 13.9~22.1%,43.8~54.5%and 37.0~57.5%respectively.At the same time,it was found that there was a partial application of N fertilizer in 6-year-old and 9-year-old stand of Z.armatum,while P and K were relatively deficient,resulting in a low utilization rate of N fertilizer and a high utilization rate of P and K fertilizer.(5)Water and fertilizer treatment significantly promoted the improvement of soil fertility of Z.armatum seedlings.Soil available nitrogen and phosphorus content,microbial biomass and enzyme activity of Z.armatum seedlings increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of soil moisture content,and soil available nutrient content increased with the increase of fertilizer application.The comprehensive value of soil fertility was4.22~16.92 times that of non-fertilization treatment.Also,formula fertilization also promoted the soil fertility of 3-year,6-year and 9-year-old Z.armatum,and the soil available nutrients,soil enzyme activity and microbial quantity increased significantly.The comprehensive value of soil fertility was 5.49~18.42 times,2.33~5.46 times and 2.16~5.73times of that of non-fertilization treatment,respectively.Regression fitting of N,P and K fertilizer application amount and soil fertility comprehensive value showed that the seedlings of Z.armatum in 60.4%FWC,N,P and K application rates were 253.0,55.0 and 81.1 kg/hm~2,respectively;the 3-year-old stand of Z.armatum were 226.7,107.1 and 244.8 g/plant;the 6-year-old stand of Z.armatum were 326.0,71.6 and 230.1 g/plant;and the 9-year-old stand of Z.armatum were 342.7,68.9 and 266.6 g/plant.The comprehensive values of soil fertility reached at the maximum level.In conclusion,on the basis of reasonable water security,formula fertilization can effectively promote the growth of Z.armatum seedlings,improve nutrient uptake and nutrient utilization,improve seedling quality and soil fertility.Moreover,N,P and K formula fertilization can significantly improve the branch growth.The soil moisture content of P.chinensis seedlings was 60.0%FWC,and the nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium ratios were 181.6~253.0,55.0~65.4 and 81.1~158.2 kg/hm~2 respectively;3 years were N,P and K.The ratios of the ratios were:181.6~226.7,65.4~107.1 and 158.2~244.8 g/plant in Chongzhou region;6-year-old stand were:248.4~326.0,49.0~68.9 and 142.9~230.1 g/plant in Yuechi region;9-year-old stand were: 234.8~375.0,51.7~77.1 and 197.0~266.6 g/plant in Guangan region.Flower bud differentiation and fruit setting rate of 3-year-old stand,6-year-old and 9-year-old Z.armatum;improve the physiological and biochemical characteristics of Z.armatum,enhance the stress resistance of the tree;achieve the increasing yield and improving quality.On the basis of cutting generation and returning branches and leaves to the field,formula fertilization can also effectively promote the increase of soil fertility. |
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