| Goat hair is known as "fiber gem" and "soft gold".It has the advantages of fine and soft,good luster and strong heat preservation.It can be used to make all kinds of light,soft,beautiful,thin and warm knitwear and textiles.Goat hair is mainly composed of keratin,which is rich in sulfur-containing amino acids.Sulfur containing amino acids enter the extracellular space around the hair follicle from the blood vessels around the hair follicle,pass through the connective tissue sheath,pass through the outer root sheath cells to the inner root sheath cells,and finally enter the cortical cells of the villous fiber.This process involves the coordination of sulfur metabolism system in blood,skin and hair follicle.Sulfur containing amino acids and inorganic sulfur can promote wool growth because they can stimulate anabolism and increase the substrate supply for keratin synthesis.Sulfur is closely related to nitrogen metabolism,and the ratio of nitrogen to sulfur is affected by melatonin to promote wool and cashmere growth.We integrated melatonin,sulfur metabolism genes and high sulfur protein genes to find out the mechanisms of sulfur metabolism genes and high sulfur protein genes affecting wool and cashmere growth.The expression of genes involved in these mechanisms will be an important entry point for this study.The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of sulfur metabolism genes and high sulfur protein genes in skin and blood tissues of cashmere goats at different growth stages;Allele specific expression(ASE)analysis of high sulfur protein gene;At the same time,the regulatory relationship between sulfur metabolism genes,high sulfur protein gene and skin and blood gene was studied;In addition,by analyzing the changes of skin and blood genes between the Implanted Melatonin group and the control group,the effect of melatonin on the regulation of skin and blood gene expression was analyzed.1.A total of 53 high sulfur protein genes and 321 sulfur metabolism genes were found in all annotated genes of cashmere goat.There were 10 specific expression genes in skin,1specific expression gene in blood and 310 co expression genes in skin and blood.The expression abundance of high sulfur protein gene in skin showed a downward trend from February to may,followed by an upward trend from June to September;The amino acid expression patterns of 52 high sulfur protein genes were different from those of other genes.The abundance of cysteine was higher than that of other amino acids,followed by serine.The expression of sulfur metabolism genes in skin tissue increased from January to June,and decreased slowly in July.However,the expression of sulfur metabolism genes in blood tissue decreased with the increase of month,and increased gradually after July;There were more up-regulated genes in skin than in blood.Sulfur metabolism genes may play a key regulatory role in skin tissue.2.The expression of skin high sulfur protein gene was related to the expression of 279 rhythm genes.The expression of rhythm genes changed in July after melatonin.The gene expression of the control group was higher than that of the implantation group from March to June,and the gene expression of the implantation group was higher than that of the control group from July to October.The regulatory relationship between high sulfur protein gene and rhythm gene is also affected by melatonin.It is suggested that high sulfur protein gene,rhythm gene and melatonin may regulate each other.3.53 high sulfur protein genes were distributed in the 3M-4M and 144M regions of chromosome 1 and the 40M-41M region of chromosome 19.We found that the number of ASE in the 40M-41M region of chromosome 19 was significantly higher than that in other regions during villus growth.The regulation pattern of SNP expression on chromosome 1 and 19 was more modular after being affected by melatonin.In the control group,29 high sulfur protein genes were located in the SNP high density region of chromosome 19;In the implantation group,30 high sulfur protein genes were located in the SNP high density region of chromosome 19.There were significant interactions between 47 high sulfur protein genes and ASE transcription factors and ASE transcription cofactors.4.There was a significant correlation between the expression of 86 sulfur metabolism genes and 23 tissue-specific genes.CTH,CDO1,AHCY,MAT1A were involved in cysteine metabolism and sulfur acid metabolism,which were significantly correlated with PSMD12,T6GALNAC2,SLC25A4,YWHAE,TUBA1C and RAD23B,respectively.These genes were only differentially expressed in the implanted group(skin vs blood),especially up-regulated in the skin.They were mainly involved in energy metabolism and cell cycle function.These results suggest that melatonin may activate the expression of sulfur metabolism genes by up regulating the genes related to energy metabolism and cell cycle in the skin,which provides a new understanding of the regulation of sulfur metabolism genes by melatonin in the transformation of wool and cashmere growth cycle.5.The gene expression in skin and blood of cashmere goat is affected by melatonin.In the control group,the number of differentially expressed genes decreased with the end of the rest period;The most differentially expressed genes were found in the early April and late September of the boom period;The difference gene changes were the most between the degenerative stage and the prosperous stage.In the control group,the overall change of gene expression was from January to April and from October to December,and the number of differentially expressed genes in each month was higher than that in June,July and August.After continuous implantation of melatonin,gene activity in skin was more active in May,June and July,and gene activity in blood was more abundant in November than in other months of the year.The wool and cashmere growth pathway involved by different genes showed a trend of tissue-specific up regulation.In the implantation group,11 signaling pathways were up-regulated in blood tissue,and 9 signaling pathways were up-regulated in skin tissue;Only in the implantation group,the specific gene expression was involved in WNT signaling pathway and organic acid metabolism pathway.Organic acid metabolism signaling pathway is an important pathway in the process of sulfur metabolism,which also indicates the effect of melatonin on the process of sulfur metabolism. |
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