The Study Of The HIV/AIDS Knowledge, Stigma Attitudes And Their Relationship Among General Population In HIV/AIDS Epidemic Rural Areas.

[Objective]HIV/AIDS health education has been implemented for several years in HIV/AIDS epidemic rural areas, the general population's awareness of HIV/AIDS and related attitudes toward people living with HIV or AIDS are the important indexes to measure effects of the HIV/AIDS health education. To explore the strategies and methods of the HIV/AIDS health education, the investigation was conducted among the general population in AIDS epidemic rural areas. And provide the technical support to prevent and control HIV/AIDS epidemic in rural areas.[Methods]We conducted a cross-sectional survey in the HIV epidemic rural areas where the people living with HIV or AIDS were infected by the former blood and plasma collection. 5355 participants were enrolled and investigated the knowledge, attitudes toward HIV/AIDS, and analyzed the characteristic of the distribution of the awareness of HIV/AIDS and the related attitudes toward the people living with HIV or AIDS.[Results](1)The mean age of the participation was 29.88±12.33 years, 39.35% and 29.04% of participants were farmers and students, respectively. 34.66% were junior higher school education.(2) The range of the correct answer rates of HIV/AIDS knowledge were from 44% to 80%, and there were higher proportion of the misunderstand on the HIV transmission and non-transmission, such as 44.67% of the respondents believed that HIV was transmitted though mosquitoes bites and 47.36% believed that sharing the razor and utility with an HIV-infected person could transmit HIV. The male respondents'correct answer rates were significant higher than female's in the HIV transmission mode and in HIV un-transmission mode: sharing towel, sneezing and coughing.(3) The correct answer rate of all 8 questions was 16.15%. Except the age group, these correct answer rate were statistically significant different among the genders(?2=4.08,p=0.043), occupations(?2=378.45,p<0.001)and education level (?2=373.66,p<0.001).(4) The average awareness of HIV/AIDS was 66.92%, and the awareness were significant different among age group (F=202.31,p<0.001), gender (t=4.00,p<0.001), occupational (?2=277.75,p<0.001) and education level (?2=333.54,p<0.001) . the awareness of male was higher than that of female, young participants higher than old participants, the higher education degree was higher than low education degree, and the students, teacher were higher than parents and migrant workers.(5) There was only 23.16% of the participants refused giving the sympathy or help to PLWHAs, but still 72.27% disagreed to buy food from a HIV-infected shopkeeper or seller, and 63.88% disagreed to share a meal with people living with HIV or AIDS. Except the item:“If a person has HIV, should he or she be quarantine”, the female respondents'proportion of the negative attitudes was significantly lower than the male respondents'in the item:“If a student has HIV but is not sick, should he or she be allowed to continue attending school”(?2=5.08, p=0.0242). And in the others items, the female respondents held negative attitudes towards PLWHA were significantly higher than the male respondents'.[Conclusions] The general population awareness of HIV/AIDS was still lower and the discrimination or stigma toward the population living with HIV/AIDS remained severely. In order to improve the awareness of HIV/AIDS and deduce or eliminate the discrimination or stigma toward people living with HIV/AIDS, it is necessary to strength the HIV/AIDS health education. [Objective]HIV/AIDS knowledge is closely related to discriminatory or stigma attitudes toward the people living with HIV or AIDS. In this study, we explored the relation of the HIV/AIDS prevention knowledge and its sources among the general population in AIDS epidemic rural areas, so as to provide the strategies of the HIV/AIDS health education about AIDS which can fully and reasonable use the limited health sources.[Methods]The cross-sectional survey about AIDS prevention knowledge and its sources of knowledge was conducted, and there were 5355 rural residents were enrolled in this study in rural areas where there were HIV/AIDS epidemic caused by the former paid blood donors. The variance, non-parametric statistics, univariate and multivariate Logistic regression were used to analyze the relation between the AIDS health education methods and their species number with the HIV/AIDS knowledge scores.[Results](1) The main sources of AIDS knowledge of the participations was received through: radio and television (74.19%), newspapers and magazines (47.90%), neighbours and friends (38.34%).(2) The knowledge sources of HIV/AIDS from the family member, schools and teachers were statistically significant different between the male and female participants. Except the rural health activities, the others seven knowledge sources of HIV/AIDS were statistically significant different among the different educational levels, age groups and occupation.(3) The participation gained the knowledge of HIV/AIDS from the sources of 3.01±1.74. The participants in these groups of less than 20 year old students, senior high school and above educational groups have more knowledge sources of HIV/AIDS, and in local workers, illiterates, the age more than 55 years groups, the participants had less knowledge sources of HIV/AIDS, the difference were statistically significant.(4) There were relations between the knowledge sources of HI/AIDS with the awareness of the HIV/AIDS. The knowledge scores (8.21±4.23) were lowest, when the participants gained the HIV/AIDS knowledge only from one resource, and the scores were highest when the sources (11.67±3.0) of knowledge from 6 sources. The results indicated that the scores of AIDS knowledge with sources of 3,4,5,6,7 kinds were significant higher than these with 1,2 and 8 kinds of AIDS information sources.(5) The choose rates of radio/television, newspapers/magazines, neighbours and friends, medical staff, Preventive medical staff, schools/teachers were significant difference between the high score group and low score group. There were 60.98% high scores participants gained the HIV information from 2,3 and 4 channels, while 65.43% low socres participants distributed in the 1,2 channels. The means of the HIV information channels were statistically significant difference between two groups(Z=15.94, p<0.001).(6) The Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that gender(female) and high age were the major risk factors to increase the AIDS knowledge scores, but the promote factors were low age, sex(male), occupation(student), higher education level, as well as television broadcasting, newspapers and magazines, home workers, neighbours friends, medical personnel, health workers, school teachers and rural health activities. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis by with the stepwise method were found that gender (female) and getting the HIV/AIDS knowledge from family member were the obstacles to the improvement knowledge scores, but these factors of occupation (student), high education level, as well as the source of AIDS knowledge from the television channels, newspapers and magazines, health workers, school or teachers and rural health activities and other factors can promote the HIV/AIDS knowledge scores.?Conclusion?AIDS knowledge sources and its forms number maybe related to the HIV/AIDS knowledge score. The number of the HIV/AIDS knowledge source was too less to improve HIV/AIDS knowledge score higher, when the number of the HIV/AIDS knowledge source reached to 6 forms, add AIDS knowledge source does not necessarily increased significantly AIDS knowledge scores. The mass media and authoritative face-to-face communication can increased the audience AIDS prevention knowledge, the face-to-face communication but not authority, such as family members communication may hinder the increasing the HIV/AIDS knowledge scores. [Objective]HIV/AIDS-related stigma became an obstacle to the implementation of treatment, care, and support programs for people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). This study tested the relation between the knowledge of the HIV transmission and non-transmission with the negative attitudes toward PLWHA and the impact factors to the stigma toward HIV/AIDS. Explored and provided the strategies or methods to reduce and eliminate the stigma toward the PLWHA.[Methods]We conducted a cross-sectional survey in the HIV epidemic rural areas where the PLWHA were infected by the commercial plasma donation in the past years. 5355 participants were enrolled and investigated the knowledge, attitude of HIV/AIDS, and analyzed the relationship between the AIDS transmission and non-transmission knowledge with negative attitudes toward the PLWHAs in different subpopulations.[Results](1)The correct answer rate to 16 questions of the HIV/AIDS knowledge was 8.53%, and the total 4.41% of the participants gained the 0 score of the HIV/AIDS stigma. The distribution of the scores of HIV/AIDS knowledge and the stigma were significant different between the gender.(2)HIV transmission knowledge score (TKS), non-transmission knowledge score (non-TKS) and negative attitude scores (NAS) were significant difference among the gender, occupation, age and education groups. The male, students,“<20 year age”and highly educated groups had higher HIV knowledge scores, TKS, non-TKS and lower NAS than others groups. The AIDS non-transmission knowledge had more closed with the negative attitudes than the AIDS transmission knowledge in male, age <20 years, migrant workers, students, junior high school and above junior high school groups. But in female, 30 ~ 40 years and >= 50 years, illiteracy, primary schools education groups, the relationship of the AIDS non-transmission knowledge had less closed with the negative attitudes towards PLWHAs than the AIDS transmission knowledge.(3)These factors, such as the knowledge of whether the HIV could transmitte by sharing shaver blade, sharing needles, sharing the towels, sharing public swimming pools, mosquito's bites, sex contacting and whether the AIDS could be cure, and the sex and the students of the occupation were the protect factors and associated with the avoidance of the stigma against HIV/AIDS. But the sex and the sex contacting with HIV were risk factors with the avoidance of the stigma against HIV/AIDS.(4) The students of the occupation, and the HIV/AIDS knowledge of whether sharing needles, receiving blood from an infected person, sharing meals, sharing public swimming pools, and wether the AIDS can be cured were the protected factors and associated with the abuse of stigma against AIDS/HIV.(5) The age, the students of the occupation, and the HIV/AIDS knowledge of whether shaking hands, sharing meals, sharing public swimming pools, sharing the towels, Sneezing and coughing, Mother-to-child transmission during pregnancy, and sex contacting can transimitte HIV were the protect factors and associated with the denial of stigma against AIDS/HIV. The age and the receiving blood from an infected person were risk factor for the denial of stigma.(6) The sex, the students of the occupation, and the HIV/AIDS knowledge of whether sharing shaver blade, sharing needles, sharing public swimming pools, sharing meals, sharing the towels, Sneezing and coughing, Mother-to-child transmission during pregnancy, sex contacting can transimitte HIV, and whether the AIDS can be cured, and a man looks health can be a PLWHA were protected factors and sex contacting were the protect factors and associated with the shame of stigma against AIDS/HIV. The sex and Mother-to-child transmission during pregnancy were risk factor for the shame of stigma.[Conclusion]1. The AIDS non-transmission knowledge had more closed with the negative attitudes than the AIDS transmission knowledge in male, age <20 years, migrant workers, students, junior high school and above junior high school groups. But in female, 30 ~ 40 years and >= 50 years, illiteracy, primary schools education groups, the relationship of the AIDS non-transmission knowledge had less closed with the negative attitudes towards PLWHAs than the AIDS transmission knowledge.2. The occupation with students, and the HIV/AIDS knowledge of whether sharing public swimming pools were the protected factors abuse, avoidance, denial and shame of stigma against AIDS/HIV.