Research On The Decision-making Process Of Pudong's Development And Opening Up

The Pudong development is a century-old dream of modern Shanghai to develop the city.It starts in 1910 when Lu Shie,a writer in the late Qing Dynasty,was looking forward to hold the “World Exposition” in Shanghai.In 1921,Sun Zhongshan proposed in The International Development of China to build the“Eastern Port”and a new urban area in Pudong area of Shanghai.Finally,in 1990,the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally made the decision to develop and open up Pudong.And then,in 2010,Shanghai World Expo and the dream of the world's largest port were realized.Chinese people have pursued the Pudong dream for nearly a hundred years.In this paper,attempts have been made to break through the inherent thinking of "Talking about Pudong Based on Pudong".The decisions of Pudong development and opening-up around 1990 are reflected base on two backgrounds,including China's historical development since modern times and Shanghai's economic and social changes in modern times,especially since the reform and opening up.It is competent to not only avoid the limitation caused by short-term reflection on decisions in Pudong based on Pudong,but also systematically and completely demonstrate the profound history and sufficient practical needs of the Pudong development and opening decision.The literature research method is mainly used in this paper.The author uses a large number of archive materials,the published historical materials of Shanghai and Pudong,the witnesses' memoirs,articles and oral materials as well as document compilations,in order to show the whole process in which Pudong development has been upgraded from Shanghai's local strategic concept to a national strategic decision-making.In this paper,Pudong development and opening-up decision is taken as the entry point,time as the main line,and the major historical events as the nodes.The author systematically organizes the history of Pudong development which is a decision of the trans-century project,explores the reasons why the history of Pudong development was tortuous,clarifies the focus of the debate on it,and reveals the historical background of the decision made by the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council to develop and open up Pudong.In the end,the experience and inspiration of this decision are summarized.Over the last one hundred years,Chinese people have been assiduously seeking the development of Pudong.At first,Lu Shie,a writer of the late Qing Dynasty,had a "Pudong Dream".He dreamed that an independent China could hold the World Exposition in Shanghai and Pudong would be as prosperous as Puxi in the future.And it was Sun Zhongshan who really raised the Pudong development to the height of strategic planning.In his The International Development of China,he clearly outlined the construction of the Eastern Port and the New Huangpu Beach in Pudong.In the future,the Shanghai Municipal Government of Republic China followed this guiding ideology to make The Great Shanghai Plan and The Great Shanghai Urban Plan.It made corresponding efforts to construct Pudong,like trying to build the cross-river project.However,all of these plans failed because the Government of Republic China was not supported by people and had financial difficulties.It is worth mentioning that from the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China,the Pudong Association and other non-governmental organizations also made great efforts in the early development and construction of Pudong.History entrusted the Pudong development to the socialist New China.In other words,only the Communist Party of China could strongly lead people to truly realize the "Pudong Dream" that had originated in modern China.Although the path was not smooth,the Pudong development has been fruitful with the years of efforts.After the liberation of Shanghai,Pudong was fixed a clear positioning in the reformulated Shanghai's urban planning.In the Fourth Session of the Shanghai First National People's Congress,there were also "Three Proposals" that proposed the construction of a cross-river project to make both sides of the Pujiang River flourish.The proposal of the National People's Congress represented the voice of the people in Shanghai.So the Shanghai Municipal Department made great efforts to solve the prerequisite for the Pudong development which was the Cross-river Project.Although the first cross-river tunnel had been completed,it had a limited role in evacuation of Puxi's industry and population,since it mainly used for national defense and military affairs.After 1978,due to the reform and opening-up policy,Shenzhen and other special economic zones,as well as the Jiangsu and Zhejiang near Shanghai,achieved rapidly economic development.However,Shanghai had gone through a difficult and tortuous road for nearly a decade.The problem had been accumulated for a long time,of the excessive concentration of industry and population in the urban area of Puxi.And it finally broke out in the early stage of the reform and opening-up policy.As a result,the aggressive people of Shanghai started a big discussion about "Where is Shanghai going".The Pudong Development was formally proposed as one of the solutions to treat the urban diseases.In preparation for the Pudong development,folk scholars in Shanghai had conducted many studies in advance.In addition,Shanghai first delineated the Hongqiao Economic and Technological Development Zone,Minhang Economic and Technological Development Zone and Caohejing Emerging Technology Development Zone as the small-scale experiments.In both The Outline of Report on Shanghai's Economic Development Strategy and The Urban Master Plan of Shanghai which Shanghai reported to the State Council respectively in 1984 and 1986,it was proposed that the Shanghai people had willingness to develop Pudong.In other words,the people of Shanghai hoped to win the support of the State to construct the new urban areas in Pudong and other places.The State Council approved the two plans.And the "Two Blueprints" for guiding the following economic development and urban construction in Shanghai were formally determined.In 1986,in the The Urban Master Plan of Shanghai approved by the State Council,it was mentioned that “at present,special attention should be paid to the planned construction and transformation of Pudong area.” Therefore,the Shanghai Municipal Government immediately organized the official and private institutions to launch the systematic research and demonstration on the plan for Pudong development.And they formed the reports with fruitful achievements.As the pre-feasibility study for the Pudong development was more and more mature,it became the consensus of Shanghai to develop Pudong for revitalizing the economy of Shanghai.In 1990,in the complicated domestic and international situation,Pudong Development quickly entered the national decision-making process due to the personal care and promotion of Deng Xiaoping,the chief designer of reform and opening-up policy.Moreover,Deng Xiaoping added "Opening-up" after "Pudong Development".The two characters made this decision a "trump card" played by China that symbolized the deeper reform and opening up.It was officially upgraded from Shanghai's local strategic concept to a national strategic decision.The decision to develop and open up Pudong is not only a strategic decision made by the Central Committee of the CPC to break sanctions and develop the economy in the special circumstances,but also the result which the local government of Shanghai achieved after years of struggle to break through its own difficulties.This decision is problem-driven,gradual,and interactive.After 30 years of development and construction,Pudong has become "a miniature of the modernization of Shanghai" and "a symbol of China's reform and opening up." The Pudong development and opening-up policy focuses on emancipating people's minds,reform and innovation,problems as well as investigation and research.Those can still serve as a reference for the construction of other development areas and new areas in China,and has great significance for our Party to strengthen the governance capability and enhance the close connection with Chinese people.