20th Century Transfer Note Theory Research

The research on Chuan Chu(转注)of Chinese characters in the 20th century has achieved great achievements.At the same time,Scholars in the 20th century disagreed about the significance of Chuan Chu research,or regarded it as obsolete or irrelevant.In fact,the history of philology cannot avoid the issue of Chuan Chu,and the theory of philology also takes it as an important source.From the perspective of academic history,there is no comprehensive research on the theory of Chuan Chu in the 20th century at present.For the study of the theory of Chuan Chu in specific persons and books,there are some problems.Such as,narrow research scope and not deep enough.For the study of the academic history of Chuan Chu,its breadth and depth need to be expanded and explored.Therefore,this paper aims to make a comprehensive analysis and arrangement of the 20th century’s note theory,sort out the continuation of the point of the theory,and summarize its research characteristics.This will not only help the academic community to grasp the 20th century’s perspective and development of the Chuan Chu,help to further study of the Chuan Chu eventually,lay an important foundation for the study of the academic history of Chuan Chu,but also help to improve the theory of Liushu(“六书”).It will also help us to understand the relationship between Chinese characters and Chinese,and contribute to the study of the history of Liushu and the history of Chinese philology.The ideas of this paper are as follows.Firstly,to collect and screen the materials of the 20th century.Secondly,it analyzes all kinds of viewpoints,makes a comprehensive and systematic carding,and makes an objective description.Thirdly,explore the similarities and differences of different views.And analyzes the source and development of each viewpoint from the diachronic perspective.Finally,Comment on the achievements and shortcomings,inheritance and influence of Chuan Chu research in this period.By using the methods of literature analysis,historical comparison,combination of quantitative and qualitative analysis,and multi-disciplinary integration and so on.This paper draws the following conclusions from three parts,that is,theory classification review,Chuan Chu nature,and overall evaluation.Firstly,in terms of the classification and review of the 20th century’s Chuan Chu theory,starting from the inter character relationship and the development process of the characters involved in the Chuan Chu,the 20th century’s Chuan Chu theory is divided into five categories.There are body structure category,meaning relationship category,sound meaning relationship category,shape sound meaning relationship category and other categories.Among them,the body structure category includes five kinds of views,such as the theory of the leader,the theory of changing words,the theory of combining the leader,the theory of emphasizing the text and the theory of changing the body.These categories mainly focus on the form of the characters,and of course,they also involve the meaning of the characters.The category of meaning relation includes three kinds of views,namely,the theory of the same meaning,the theory of the same part and the theory of extension.These categories mainly focus on the meaning relationship between different characters.Some also refer to the relationship between different meanings of a single character,and sometimes involve the problem of form.Among them,the theory of the same meaning can be divided into four categories.There are the theory of mutual explaining,the theory of synonymy,the theory of the same meaning and the theory of series the same meaning used.Phonetic and semantic relation category is a kind of the transformation of sound which is discussed from the phonetic and semantic relation.They mostly combine language research with character research,and think that the change of language has resulted in the breeding or change of characters.This is how the character of Chuan Chu is formed.The relation between form,sound and meaning category refers to the comprehensive discussion of Chuan Chu from the perspective of form,sound and meaning,and it can be divided into two categories.One is from the perspective of three elements of characters,which holds that the form,sound and meaning of relevant characters of Chuan Chu should be the same or similar.The other is from the perspective of the development of characters,which holds that the Chuan Chu is formed by adding sign of form or phonetic element on the basis of the original form.The characters before and after are often related in form,sound and meaning.The latter one is divided into three categories,which are the theory of form element notation,the theory of phonetic element notation and the theory of form and phonetic element notation.Other categories are the views other than the above four categories,such as the theory of Jianshu(兼书),the theory of compound consonants differentiation,the theory of homograph and so on,all of which are interpreted from a new perspective.Each of the above categories explains in detail the representative views and influences.identifies the value of the views,analyzes the similarities and differences of each view.traces back its originator and successor relationship,and finally makes an overall evaluation.In the end,it is pointed out that the study of scholars in the 20th century not only pursue the original meaning of Xu Shen’s Chuan Chu,but also expound his views on the shape,sound,meaning of Chinese characters and the relationship between Chinese characters in the name of Chuan Chu.In the above views,there are a large number of synonyms,relations between sound and meaning,and relations between form,sound and meaning,which represent the general trend of the study of Chuan Chu.From the Xu Shen’s definition of Chuan Chu and the systematization of Liushu,each viewpoint has its own rationality and irrationality,which is also the reason why no viewpoint has been generally accepted so far.Secondly,it is divided into two parts in the nature of Liushu and Chuan Chu.First of all,in terms of the nature of Liushu,three new understandings in the 20th century are obtained.Ⅰ,From the perspective of the function of Liushu,there are three kinds of viewpoints.There are the theory of Chinese character-building,the theory of Chinese character using and the theory of Chinese character literacy,and the latter is a new viewpoint.The paper also thinks that the theory of Chinese character literacy is based on the function of Liushu,and does not explore the essence of Liushu from the development of characters.Ⅱ,From the perspective of the relationship between the characters and words,many scholars think that Chuan Chu is a kind of writing words from the perspective of writing words by characters.The paper thinks that it also avoids the essence of Liushu.Ⅲ,The theory of four bodys and six methods.It is considered that this theory is the neutralization of the theory of Chinese character-building and the theory of four styles and two uses.On the other hand,in terms of the nature of the Chuan Chu,the paper sorts out three views.There are the Chuan Chu is the method of Chinese character-building,is the method of characters using,and the neither.It is believed that the scholars in the 20th century tried to reconcile the contradictions of previous theories,and gradually walked out of the barriers of traditional the method of characters using and Chinese character-building,and discussed the relationship between language and characters as well as the function of Liushu,which is also a great progress in this stage of research.Thirdly,in the general evaluation part of the 20th century,its achievements are shown in three aspects.Ⅰ,Many new perspectives were used in the research,such as the ancient text materials,phonology theory and so on.Ⅱ,Many new views on Chuan Chu in the research are put forward,for example,Zhang Ruzhou’s the theory of Chongwen(重文)and so on.All of these research enrich the connotation of Chuan Chu.Its shortcomings are manifested in five aspects,such as seeking novelty,not thorough,not systematic,the ancients were bound by the present law,and follow the herd.The collection of materials and evaluation of various opinions are not enough,which needs to be further supplemented and studied.