A Study On United States' Policy Toward Brazil(1946-1964)

In the early period of the Cold War,the United States confronted with the Soviet Union,and The Latin American region naturally became one of the important positions for the U.S.and Soviet countries to compete for hegemony.The United States hoped to strengthen its emphasis on Latin America and establish an alliance to contain the communist ideology.At the same time,the Soviet Union wanted to speed up the spread of communist ideas in Latin America and lead it to the socialist country'path.Although Brazil,as the largest country in Latin America,has traditionally been within the sphere of influence of the United States,under the influence of the colonialist bankruptcy,the US-Soviet hegemony and the rise of the world pattern of the Third World countries,the conflict between the United States and Brazil has continued.In order to maintain the relationship between the two sides,the United States has to begin to adjust its policy toward Brazil.The full text is divided into three parts: introduction,body and conclusion.The introduction briefly overlooks the origin,significance and research summary,and puts forward the space of future research that still need to be improved.The text consists of four chapters.It systematically narratives and studies the foreign policy of the United States towards Brazil since the beginning of the Cold War.Taking the Cold War as the breakthrough point of the American policy towards the Brazil,the main contents and implementation means of the foreign policy of successive American governments to Brazil are discussed in detail.The details are as follows:Chapter One: In the early post-war period,the relationship between the United States and Brazil was relatively moderate,and the But since the late 1950 s,the alliance between the United States and Brazil has been seeking a meeting point for the interests of both parties in a new and turbulent environment.While the United States is providing economic and military support to Brazil,Brazil is also constantly seeking its own development,including the establishment of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean Economic Commission to get rid of the influence of the United States.The second chapter mainly analyzes the first term of President Eisenhower.With the influence and penetration of the Soviet Union on Latin America,the US government has re-examined the relationship between the United States and Brazil,and has begun to frequently intervene in the political affairs of Brazil and the entireLatin American region,and has spared no effort to interfere in the internal affairs of Latin American countries,in order to consolidate its dominant position in the Cold War by strengthening its control over the region and prevent the Soviet Union from penetrating the region with communist ideology.Although the United States has adjusted its foreign policy toward Brazil,the relationship between the United States and Brazil has continued to deteriorate,and eventually the “special friendship” has collapsed.The third chapter mainly analyzes the deteriorating relations between the United States and Brazil and the rising global anti-imperialist movement.In his second term,Eisenhower reflected on the previous tougher policy towards Brazil and began to deal with the relations between the United States and Latin American countries in a more moderate way.Now that the Vargas era has come to an end and a new government has taken office,these changes have provided favorable conditions for the United States to improve its relations with Brazil.Eisenhower tried to improve relations with Brazil through economic aid.However,due to the chaotic political and economic situation in Brazil,the economic aid of the United States has little effect.In addition,the policy of the United States government is still to protect the interests of the United States.Therefore,anti-Americanism is still active in Brazil,and the diplomatic deadlock between the United States and Brazil has not been greatly improved.The fourth chapter mainly elaborates that the American foreign policy towards Brazil experienced great fluctuations during the Kennedy period.Under the influence of the Cuban revolution,Brazil also set off a series of political disturbances and adopted more radical domestic and foreign policies.Brazil once became a member of the third world countries and kept away from the United States.In this political environment,the Kennedy administration took “anti-communism” as the main starting point of its political goal.After the Cuban missile crisis,the United States was more afraid of Brazil becoming the next Cuba,so the CIA actively involved in the military coup in Brazil to prevent Brazil from further “red”.This was a period of extreme tension and mistrust between the United States and Brazil,and the failure of Brazil to pursue independent diplomacy under a “leftist” government foiled the long-term influence of the United States on Brazil.In the last,in the Cold War,considering the overall strategic layout,the United States tried to take Brazil as an ally and material source base to contain communism.In the face of different international situations and development stages,the United States adjusted its foreign policy towards Brazil for many times.However,whenBrazil pursues the foreign policy of seeking independence and the domestic policy of nationalism,it is not hard to see that the United States always considers its own interests and uses economic assistance to draw Brazil into the camp of western countries represented by the United States in order to control Brazil.This study also tries to present the process of the game between the United States and Brazil.Brazil has long pursued its status as a big power in Latin America,and its foreign policy tends to be independent.The relationship between the United States and Brazil presents a dynamic game,sometimes seeking common interests,sometimes even tensely become opposite.The United States has also actively participated in Brazil's domestic political process to help the United States gain more benefits.Based on the international background of the early Cold War,this paper elaborated the foreign policy of successive American governments towards Brazil after the Second World War.In combination with the relevant research results,and on the basis of the declassified archives of relevant historical periods,this paper have analyzed the origin and implementation process of American policy towards Brazil during this period,also faithfully restored the interaction between the United States and Brazil's economy,politics,military and other aspects,in order to promote and deepen the academia's understanding of relevant research.