| The government is usually regarded as the manager and distributor of public resources in a country or a region,whether in traditional society or modern society.In a broad sense,the commercial subject(power)plays an important role in integrating and exchanging production factors and distributing commercial resources.Moreover,the two have launched a series of extensive and subtle games tightly around the public issues such as the creation and distribution of social wealth.The government-business relationship ethics and virtue structure of the Shanxi Merchants are formed and developed in that kind of communication and games.Specifically,“government-business relationship ethics " refers to the way of cooperation of universal laws,in which the relationship of government-business is based on the requirements of "publicity" and "common good".Businessman's virtue refers to the political,social,professional and individual four fold moralities are formed by themselves in the process of government and business communication.In other word,they are based on the Shanxi merchants' moral values choice of public and private,honor and disgrace,righteousness and benefit,happiness and disaster.These virtues play an important role in the prosperity and decline of industrial and commercial activities.This study attempts to start from the perspective of ethics,taking the realization of "publicity" and "common good" in the practice of government and business communication in traditional Chinese society as the breakthrough point,showing the special significance and key role of the four virtues of the Shanxi Merchants in Ming and Qing Dynasties and their historical changes in their rise,prosperity,decline and regeneration.Then,it will deepen the philosophical reflection of Chinese traditional government-dependent relationship.This study does not repeat the research routine of " business is business",but adopts the analysis of "moral duality of capital" in economic ethics,the criticism of "dissimilation of capital and power " in political ethics,and the theory of class justice taking the balanced development of the state,market and society as the core.It puts the traditional Shanxi Merchants in the basic government and business communication system and the ethical context of government-business relationship.And then the paper explores the virtue reconstruction way of the Contemporary Shanxi Merchants' contemporary revival and self-transcendence,and tentatively gives some ethical suggestions on the work of promoting the virtue of Chinese entrepreneurs in the new era.Its theoretical and practical significance is evergreen.This dissertation consists of the introduction,the main part of five chapters and the conclusion.The introduction discusses the current research situation and main problems at home and abroad.On this basis,it expounds the theoretical and practical significance of the research on the prosperity and declines the Shanxi Merchants' virtue structure in Ming and Qing Dynasties,and shows the research ideas,research methods,research innovation and future prospects.The first chapter discusses the general tone of government-business relationship in traditional Chinese society and the ethical connotation behind it."Restraining business" and "controlling business" are the general principles of the rulers in traditional Chinese society to formulate commercial policies and deal with the relationship between government and business interests.The traditional Chinese government and business communication system,which is intertwined and dominated by the supremacy of state power and the feudal order of importance or seniority in human relationships,pursues the limited public nature and common good in the basic social structure of "imperial rural and commercial" society,such as political order,financial security,class harmony,interpersonal care and individual happiness.This is the realistic content and objective basis of traditional business ethics.The second chapter analyzes the virtue structure of the Shanxi Merchants in Ming and Qing Dynasties.As a shining star in the history of Chinese business,the rise of the Shanxi Merchants in Ming Dynasty is the product of the benign government and business communication mechanism since the early Ming Dynasty.It is closely related to the spirit of "helping the public" of government and business cooperation,the orientation of "admiring honor" of serving businessmen and imitating Confucianism,the character of "common prosperity" of relying on human ethic,and the wisdom of "cherishing happiness" with worries.In the traditional era,the realization of "publicity" and "common good" of government and business communication also benefit from this virtue.However,once the Ming hierarchy abandons the previous enlightened position and adopted the top-down business administration mode of authorizing private businessmen to operate special commodities,it would create a huge power rent-seeking space and special interest groups.Over time,this irrational government and business communication mechanism eroded the good virtue of the Shanxi merchants.The image of “official merchants” eventually lost themselves the virtue foundation of healthy development.The third chapter expounds the virtue structure of the Shanxi Merchants in Ming and Qing Dynasties.The Shanxi Merchants in Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty have no obvious wealth inheritance relationship.But as a feudal merchant gang,they show a lot of similarities in value orientation,government and business relationship ethics,and fate trend,and are both influenced by the traditional pattern of government and business communication and the power cycle rate.In the early and middle Qing Dynasty,The Shanxi Merchants not only inherit the four virtues of previous dynasty,but also gradually completed the construction of fine virtue structures,such as labor ethics with diligence as the core,business ethics with integrity as the core,management ethics with responsibility as the core,profit distribution ethics with humanism as the core,and family consumption ethics with education as the core.These achievements make their behavior greatly promote and enrich the "publicity" and "common good" of the traditional government and business interaction with the main contents of political order,economic prosperity,class integration,labor and capital harmony and family country integration.Therefore,The Shanxi Merchants in Qing Dynasty became the epitome of the commercial spirit of traditional society.The fourth chapter studies and judges the virtue structure of the Shanxi Merchants in the decline stage of Ming and Qing Dynasties.Good is like success,and evil is like death.The practice of government and business relationship in the late-seventy-year Qing Dynasty shows that the Shanxi merchants,in the environment of unprecedented changes and eventful social unrest,who are tired of coping with the excessive demands of the central and local governments,finally embark on the road of involution development with diminishing marginal utility,lag behind the requirements of the times in the development and expansion of "publicity" and "common good",and had to give way to the development of the modern business group and capital power in China.At the same time,the problems of "mutual trust between politics and business","class identity","business management" and "wealth consumption" lurking in the inner virtue of Shanxi Merchants inevitably present an irreversible deterioration trend due to the expansion of the Qing government's desire for business control,which eventually lead to the collective disintegration at the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of Republican China.The fifth chapter discusses the shaping of contemporary Shanxi Merchants' virtue facing the new government-business relationship.Since modern times,especially after the reform and opening up,with the formation of the basic structure of the new ternary society of power,capital and labor,the power cycle of the imperial agricultural and commercial society and its linkage with the business cycle and the business ethics cycle have been restrained to a certain extent.Its decoupling has been completed to the greatest extent.However,there is still bad soil with sediment.In order to get out of this vicious circle of this historical cycle,the new Shanxi Merchants' moral cultivation living in the "democratic industrial and commercial" society should also should make the following new progress and new breakthrough: they need to complete the political morality transformation with the "public and private view" as the primary content,realize the social moral remodeling with the "honor and Disgrace View" as the key link,improve the professional ethics construction with the "justice and benefit view" as the prominent symbol,and strengthen the construction of professional ethics,and quickly upgrade the individual virtue with the core feature of "Happiness Concept".This is the internal requirement and moral guarantee to realize and expand the goal of "publicity" and "common good" of modern social government and business communication based on the ternary structure of "power","capital" and "labor".As for conclusion,China has entered a critical period of comprehensively deepening reform.Therefore,the construction of a new type of government-business relationship is not only conducive to the formation of a legal,open,full,rational and harmonious interactive pattern between the power class and the capital class,but also has a very significant practical significance in cultivating the morality of public officials and the spirit of entrepreneurs.To improve the moral quality of contemporary Chinese entrepreneurs,we need to actively avoid the moral hazard in the traditional government and business communication system,and have the courage to face up to the era dilemma of contemporary government-business relationship,and actively practice the new actions and responsibilities that are conducive to promoting the reform of government-business relationship.This is the objective requirement and effective way to give full play to the synergy effect of contemporary government-business relationship. |
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