Research On Dali's Good Books In The Late Qing Dynasty And The Republic Of China

For a variety of reasons,In previous studies on Chinese morality book,it mainly focus on the classical works of Song,Ming and Qing,and pays less attention to the morality books after the Qing Dynasty.The research on the local morality books of Dali is not seen systematically.This paper is a comprehensive systematic study on the writing of morality books by the Dali gentry in the Late Qing Dynasty and Republic of China.The article is divided into three parts: basic,feature and case.The first part is a basic study,To introduce the general situation of Dali morality books in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China and the reasons for the completion of the books.According to the practical application and implication of Dali morality book,It can be roughly divided into four categories:moral education,adaptation(??),training(??)and spiritual needs.In terms of the classification of morality books in Dali,morality books are not merely"popular books".From the point of view of creation,Dali morality books have made breakthroughs on the basis of inheriting the traditional forms of morality books.In particular,the book of the travel notes(?????),"the treasure of the cave"(??????)and the"flat peach banquet"(??????),created the writing style of"dialogue"and"Zhang Hui"in Luan Shu,and had a profound influence on the creation of the later Luan book.In the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China,Dali morality books,like other morality books,were one of the main contents of morality education.The contents and thoughts of "redemption suffering " in the book reflect the religious salvation of "teaching by Taoism and returning to Confucianism by thousands of Religions".For this reason,the local exerts wrote and published morality books,preached the altar and publicized the sacred texts.Therefore,there are a lot of introduction to local morality altar and local sacred speech in Dali morality book.However,they are distinctly different from the classics and morality books of the song,Ming and Qing.In the period of the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China,many of the morality books in Dali were enlightened by the local gentry for the local people with a lot of scientific knowledge introduced.In this paper,this feature is studied.From Dali morality books in the periods of Late Qing Dynasty and Republic of China,.When science was spread to the border area of Dali,the attitude of local gentry towards science can not be described by admiration or exclusion.They recognized and respected science,respected Western scientists who were well-known in the world,and encouraged Chinese to learn their scientific spirit.But it did not mean that they worshiped the science.They believed that the war and death caused were derived from the invention and manufacture of the modern military weapons in the west.These military science and technology were opposite to "goodness and morality",thus criticizing and resisting them.They have realized the dissimilation of science and technology and the limitations of Science in the face of natural disasters.Therefore,they believed that science was not God,and the morality was above science.So they believed that the "morality" was superior to "science",thus devaluing the "science".The knowledge and attitude of the gentry to science in Dali originated from the three factors,the influence of the farming civilization,and the cultural tradition of "returning to the goodness" and the strong national consciousness,respectively.In the morality books of Dali,a lot of science knowledg were introduced,Including natural science knowledge.humanities and social sciences knowledge,and female science knowledge.From the content of these scientific knowledge,it had the following characteristics: The content of the book was mostly the basic knowledge,involving many disciplines and a large amount of information;closely related to the life of the people.In the aspects of female enlightenment,The scientific discourse and social gender discourse were intertwined,in which integrated Chinese and Western culture in morality books.Focus on the knowledge of reproduction and education.They were trying to create the image of "a new wife and a morality mother with wisdom and morality",hoping that the femal could make an important contribution to the family construction.Besides morality books,These scientific knowledge in Dali morality books was spread through morality altar,school and family education.No matter which way,the local gentry focused on the moral education.In terms of the scientific knowledge about the national economy and the people's livelihood,the local gentry took the way of teaching to carry out the morality education,spread to the local people through morality altar.The influence of scientific knowledge in Dali communication,It was mainly embodied in the concept and lifestyle.In terms of concept,It was mainly embodied in three aspects: the economic concept,the concept of "four people" and the concept of marriage and breeding.First of all,in terms of the economic concept,they no longer excessively emphasized "valuing agriculture and restraining business".Instead,they advocated "building the country with industry and commerce",vigorously supporting and encouraging the development of industry and commerce,and promoting the prosperity of the Dali market.Secondly,from the perspective of the "four people" concept,due to the promotion of the social status of the merchants,the traditional concept of " " Soldiers are superior,merchants are inferior." " has been broken,and the social structure of "the agriculture and soldier,industry and commerce" has been fundamentally broken.Thirdly,in terms of marriage and breeding,Dali gentry opposed the marriage preference of relatives advocated in the past.the status and role of midwife in childbirth has been declining,and its original delivery method has been questioned.In terms of lifestyle,It was mainly embodied in three aspects: First,focus on health;Secondly,advocating frugality;Thirdly,there are new forms of entertainment.In particular,the concept of preventive medicine has enhanced the health awareness of local people,and improved their perception of the disease,and they advocated a healthy and frugal life.The introduction of modern western scientific knowledge,especially the influence of the concept of "preventive medicine",the local people enhanced their health awareness,Because the machine has brought high efficiency to agricultural production,people's leisure time has increased,and new leisure and entertainment modes have emerged.Playing the foreign cards,dancing,singing,acting,operas,mahjong and other entertainment,all of them become more and more prosperous,and have been spread from cities to villages.It mainly takes the religious activities of the Xia Jiang Village in Eryuan(?????),Dali,in the Republic of China as a case in the next chapter of paper.to discuss the local gentry how to do morality to the local people and to deal with the relationship between science and religion.The Eryuan Cheng Shan Zong Tan(????)was established in the early years of the Republic of China(1912)and was stopped in 1950,lasting for 39 years.During the period,there were a number of small and medium-sized religious activities by the related personnel.The religious activities in the altar of forging the goodness showed us the belief world of Dali villagers in the Republic of China.Their moral education was mainly centered around the preaching of the sacred texts,and occasionally interspersed in other religious rituals.They both received school education and promoted morality altar education.Although,to some extent,they knew the disease,they still devoutly held the religious activities to remove the plague in the village when they were hit by plague by reciting"Tibetan Bodhisattva to Rescue Life from Disaster"(????????).They also believed that there were extraordinary effects,which instantiate that the spread of medical knowledge in the west and the modernization about the medical care have not made the folk medicine extincted,but they have been remained,and impact on the folk.Through the above research,the morality books in Dali in the periods of Late Qing Dynasty and Republic of China,and the religious activities Eryuan Cheng Shan Zong Tan(????),all of them embodied the relationship between religion and science,Chinese traditional culture and Western culture.Firstly,in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China,the Dali morality books and the celebration meeting by the Cheng Shan Zong Tan(????)for the completion of the local school,and preaching the sacred texts to school,all of the embodied that religion and science were not only opposites and rejects,but there existed the assimilation between them.Dali gentry absorbed a lot of scientific knowledge under the prevailing western culture.With the help of the sacred Buddha and the old traditional culture,they compiled morality books.While spreading the missionary culture,it also popularized scientific knowledge to the masses and promoted the spread and development of Science in the locals.Therefore,religion was not only an inheritance to science,but a factor to adapt or promote scientific development.Secondly,the conflict and adjustment between Chinese traditional culture and Western culture were most vividly embodied in the morality books of Dali in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China.Perhaps,unlike most of the other religious groups,when the local gentry carried out the religious salvation,taking the moral as its core to the local people,they also conducted the scientific enlightenment.They had a high degree of cultural confidence in Chinese traditional culture and were willing to absorb the western scientific knowledge,which was conducive to the national economy and the people's livelihood.They adopted the strategy of Chinese learning as the fundamental structure,Western learning for practice use,which neither learned from the West absolutely nor restored to ancient culture.They were able to coordinate the relationship between inheritance and abandonment,which was to make the culture of the Chinese nation sustainable and brilliant.Thirdly,the healthy development of any nation should be based on itself and learn from others.With the rapid development of the modern science and technology and under the background of democracy and human rights as universal value,we should not ignore or deny the advanced western technology and values,but we must not abandon China's tradition and create artificial cultural breakages.