Research On The Issue Of Justice For The Disabled In Contemporary Political Philosophy Theory

According to statistics from the China Disabled Persons’ Federation,the total number of the disabled in China has reached 82.96 million,accounting for 6.34 percent of the total population.In daily life,there is no doubt that the disabled have to pay more to realize their life value than ordinary people.Therefore,how to deal with the differences between the disabled and the common people,so that the disabled will not suffer from social injustice has become an urgent question for contemporary political philosophy theory to answer.In A Theory of Justice,Rawls proposed that human abilities be regarded as social resources,which can be regarded as the first attempt to include the disabled in contemporary theories of justice.But this has aroused discontent among resource egalitarianism,who argue that only abilities derived from chance should be regarded as social resources,and that theories of justice need to leave room for autonomy.However,the overemphasis on autonomy neglects the dependence of the disabled.Therefore,Sen and Nussbaum try to synthesize them and eliminate the differences faced by the disabled by the equal distribution of ability,thus forming the pedigree of disability justice in contemporary political philosophy theory.Because the difference embodied in disability is understood as biologically deficient,it is placed within the sphere of distributive justice.According to the distributive justice paradigm,as long as social justice is realized,the injustice of the disabled will disappear naturally.But the injustice suffered by the disabled is itself a separate moral issue.Its independence is mainly reflected in two aspects: one is that the disabled are regarded as relatively weak in morality or politics due to their own defects and are discriminated against.Second,the threshold of the disabled in socialized production is too high,even if the efforts can not improve the standard of living with ordinary people’s huge gapp.This phenomena shows that disability is not only a biological characteristic,but also has moral connotation because it makes it difficult for the people involved to realize their personal value in a just way in the society.In other words,the difference embodied by the disabled is not an adjutant issue after the establishment of the principle of justice,but can itself become a part of the principle of justice.Therefore,we need to re-examine and beyond existing theories of justice from the perspective of generalized contractualism and inclusive democracy.The paper can be divided into five parts.The first chapter is the introduction,introducing the basic methods and the basic connotation of disability as a philosophical concept.The second chapter mainly shows how the problem of the disabled can be presented in the political philosophical theory within the framework of the basic nature and function of justice.The third and fourth chapters show that in response to the political philosophical challenge posed by disability,the two contemporary mainstream theories of contractualism have made efforts and two structural dilemmas :(1)The contract theory of distribution principle in the aspect of personal responsibility is not compromise,thus unable to accommodate the constraints of human motives.(2)The proof of his concept of justice often appeals to "reciprocity and mutual benefit" among members of society,but reciprocity and mutual benefit cannot cover the whole of human moral life.Therefore,although the justice theory of contract tries to include the disabled,it will inevitably deviate from its theoretical original intention.The fifth chapter of this paper attempts to show that the innovative development of capability and dependency in solving the problem of justice for persons with disabilities still has defects due to their adherence to the concept of distributive paradigm of justice.In the last chapter,the author will strive to transcend the distributive paradigm of justice,take the politics of difference as the basic principle for the disabled to participate in social life,and respond to the justice demands of the disabled through the normative social ideal of inclusive democracy.