Research On The Political Ethics Thought Of Liang Qichao

Western capitalist countries began to expand colonial territory in China using commerce,force,or missionary work in the early 19 th century.China's political pattern,economic form,social life,spiritual culture,and so on began to change obviously under the offensive of Western colonists.The conflict between tradition and modernity,and the confrontation between East and West force Chinese people of insight to re-examine themselves,the world,and the relationship between them.Liang Qichao's political ethics thought sprouted and developed under the background of modern China's transition from tradition to modernity.The disintegration of the natural economy,the deepening of political crisis,and the collision between Chinese and Western cultures backgrounded the theory formation of Liang Qichao's political ethics.By excavating "Chinese traditional thoughts",adopting "Western thoughts" and integrating "traditional culture",Liang Qichao constructed the theoretical framework of political ethics,which was constantly upgraded in political practice."Gregariousness" is the core of Liang Qichao's political ethics.Liang Qichao's thought of "gregariousness" always runs through the cultivation of political ethics subject of ?Perfecting the Group and Achieving Self",the establishment of political system ethics of ?Group Freedom",and the exploration of the political practice of ?Harmony of Justice and Benefit".At the turn of the Ming and Qing dynasties,China's history entered a stage of deep change,in which a large number of new social forces swarmed and became independent groups,bringing an important impact on China's social change.Liang Qichao inherited Kang Youwei,Tan Sitong,Yan Fu,and others' thoughts on ?Group" and demonstrated the necessity of ?Gregarious".Gregariousness The concept of social gregariousness has important value significance.The expansion potential of group interests can promote the development of civil society.Group autonomy can promote the decentralization of state power in society,and cultivate national independent personality and right subject consciousness.With the deepening of social changes in modern China and the flourishing of enlightenment thought,Liang Qichao integrated the reasonable resources of traditional Confucianism and modern new learning,as well as the western social evolution,thought represented by Spencer.From three dimensions: cultivating the political subject of"Perfecting the Group and Achieving Self",constructing the political system of "Group Freedom" and promoting the political activities of"Harmony of Justice and Benefit",the thought of social-political ethics has been constructed.The theoretical basis of Liang Qichao's political proposition of saving the nation by creating New People is his New People's theory of "Perfecting the Group and Achieving Self".The purpose of this New People's theory,which takes private morality and public morality as the mainline and benefits the masses as the core,is to cultivate new citizens with broad wisdom,new morality,and victory over the people to form the political ethics subject of the new country.The essence of the political ethics subject of " Perfecting the Group and Achieving Self" is a new citizen with unique national characteristics and an independent spirit.Liang Qichao introduced the national spirit of democracy and freedom to Chinese people by running schools and newspapers,aiming at cultivating people with political abilities such as rights,self-esteem,freedom,and obligation to keep up with the trend of the times.Liang Qichao thought that only the new citizens with the political ability and civic awareness actively participated in the political practice of saving the country and the people,could we save the nation from subjugation and save the people.Liang Qichao inherited the traditional educational ideas,which were based on the three points of people's morality,wisdom and strength,reconstructed the logical relationship among them and put forward a series of concrete implementation plans to bring up new citizens.Creating political system is the inevitable attribution of Liang Qichao's cultivation of political ethics subject.Liang Qichao discussed the basic conception of political system reform by expounding the concept of state in the aspects of state meaning,state nature,and state type.Evolution has brought that "world view" to "country view",developed to "civil rights" country view and "sovereignty" country view,then "nation-building view",developed to "national power country view",and finally returned to "cosmopolitan country view".Liang Qichao explained the relationship between individual freedom and group freedom and put forward the political system oriented by group freedom.At the same time,it puts forward the path to realize group freedom from three aspects: getting rid of enslavement thought,implementing constitutionalism,and promoting people's rights.The practice of political ethics is the proper meaning of Liang Qichao's cultivation of political ethics subject and creation of political system ethics.Criticism was launched against China's feudal autocratic political system,and political innovation activities such as paying attention to imperial power and democratic rights,advocating revolution and advocating destruction were put forward.Liang Qichao gave up the traditional Chinese view of justice and benefit,absorbed the reasonable elements of utilitarianism in China and the West,and put forward the political ethics thought with the value orientation of "Harmony of Justice and Benefit".At the same time,according to China's national conditions at that time,Liang Qichao tried a variety of political practical activities,including hesitation between constitutional monarchy and republic,rejecting republic and advocating enlightened autocracy,discussing the dispute between "virtual monarch republic" and "democratic republic" and choosing republic to establish a country.Liang Qichao's political ethics thought presents the running track of Chinese traditional political ethics thought,shows the changes of modern Chinese political ethics thought,enriches the political ethics practice in modern China,with an important historical value.However,Liang Qichao's political ethics thought is the product under the specific historical conditions of modern China,which has the weakness of saving the nation by morality,the immaturity of both China and foreign countries,and the hybridity of half-baked.Of course,the positive factors contained in it still play a theoretical significance and practical value at present.Liang Qichao's political ethics thought can provide a reference for China to implement gradual and steady reform,political ethics with two-way consideration,and patriotism and social morality.The prelude of contemporary intellectuals to save China has been set off by the Reform since the 1890 s.At the same time,Liang Qichao was pushed to the core of political change.Analyzing Liang Qichao's ideological history,Kang Youwei interpreted him as "unstable",and Liang Qichao also showed that he was "too unprejudiced".Although Liang Qichao is fickle,Liang Qichao's "fickle" is to change purposefully and in a planned way,with his adherence to patriotic feelings.