Research On The Citizens' Fair Participation In Deliberative Democracy In China

Deliberative democracy is an important content and form of socialist democratic politics with Chinese characteristics.It is one of the important forms of democracy in our country to practice people's democracy and ensure that the people are masters of the country.Citizens' fair participation is the essential requirement of socialist deliberative democracy and the driving force for the development of socialist deliberative democracy.In China's deliberative democracy,the fair participation of citizens is a "short board".In terms of consultation channels,among the seven channels of deliberative democracy in China,grassroots deliberative democracy is directly related to the subject of citizens,while among the other six channels,citizens' sense of participation is relatively low.In terms of the operation process of deliberative democracy,compared with other subjects,citizens are in a weak position in initiating consultation,participating in the process of consultation and influencing the outcome of consultation.From the perspective of negotiation ability,there are obvious differences in negotiation ability among citizens and between citizens and other subjects.This makes the participation of citizens in deliberative democracy a kind of "absence of presence".Compared with political parties,governments,the CPPCC,people's congresses,people's organizations,grassroots organizations and social organizations,how citizens can fairly participate in deliberative democracy is a major issue that must be resolved in the development of socialist democracy with Chinese characteristics.China's deliberative democracy is rooted,active and vital.Marx,Engels and Lenin's thoughts of consultation and citizen's fair participation,the Chinese Communist Party's theory on citizen's participation in deliberative democracy,China's traditional thoughts on consultation and popular participation,and western scholars'theory of citizens' fair participation in deliberative democracy provide theoretical resources for citizen's fair participation in China's deliberative democracy.Marx,Engels and Lenin's thoughts on consultation and citizens' fair participation have laid the theoretical foundation of citizens' fair participation in deliberative democracy in China.The Chinese Communist Party's theory on citizen's participation in deliberative democracy,our traditional thoughts of consultation and public participation provide value compliance and practical direction for citizens' fair participation in China's deliberative democracy.Western scholars' theory of citizens' fair participation in deliberative democracy provides reference for the practice of citizens' fair participation in deliberative democracy in China.Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China,China's deliberative democracy has made great achievements.The channels,forms and systems of deliberative democracy have basically met the demands of citizens' participation in modern society and guaranteed people's democracy.Citizens' awareness of consultation is constantly enhanced,their ability of consultation is constantly improved,their participation in deliberative democracy is getting higher and higher,and their sense of participation effectiveness is getting stronger and stronger.However,it should not be overlooked that in the development of deliberative democracy in China,compared with other subjects,the unfair participation of citizens in deliberative democracy has become increasingly prominent.The limited channels of citizens' participation,the unfair opportunities of participation,the unequal resources of participation,the uneven ability of participation and other issues restrict the fair participation of citizens in China's deliberative democracy.The unfairness of citizens' participation in deliberative democracy in China is the result of many factors,such as the dilemma of consensus under social complexity,the lack of supply of deliberative democracy,the lack of citizens' rational consultation consciousness and public spirit,and the lack of citizens' ability to negotiate,which result in the unfairness of citizens' participation in deliberative democracy.For the development of deliberative democracy,the realization of citizens' fair participation needs to return to citizens themselves,from the perspective of citizens,we should cultivate citizens' sense of participation.Citizen's sense of participation is the basis of citizen's political and social participation,and the cultivation of citizen's sense of participation is helpful to stimulate citizens' demand for fair participation in deliberative democracy.We should cultivate citizens' subjective consciousness,so as to stimulate citizens' need to practice their masters' status;cultivate citizens'awareness of political rights,so as to stimulate citizens' demand for active participation in deliberative democracy;cultivate citizens' awareness of political obligations,so as to stimulate citizens' rational participation in deliberative democracy;cultivate citizens' awareness of self-realization,so as to make citizens' fair participation in deliberative democracy become a kind of consciousness.We should cultivate citizens' public spirit and strengthen the construction of citizens' negotiation ability,which mainly includes the ability of empowering negotiation,the ability of negotiation and communication,the ability of interest expression,the ability of preference conversion,the ability of organization and alliance,etc.We should perfect the channel construction of citizens' fair participation in deliberative democracy,improve the institutionalized channels of citizens' fair participation,and include citizens in political party consultation,government consultation,NPC consultation and CPPCC consultation;support and encourage citizens to participate in deliberative democracy through people's organizations and social organizations,so as to realize the organization of citizens' participation.We should develop grassroots deliberative democracy as the home of citizens' fair participation,and develop network deliberative democracy as a new field of citizens' fair participation.Increase the institutional supply of citizens' fair participation in deliberative democracy,we should establish a public information sharing system,a public representative system,a deliberative supervision system,a deliberative tracking system,a deliberative response system,a deliberative evaluation system,etc.To optimize the environmental construction of citizens' fair participation,we should build an economic environment that includes inclusive and linked development,build a political environment that balances authority and democracy,build a relatively independent social environment,build a cultural environment that advocates tolerance and compromise,and build an environment of inter-subjective communication relations.We should strengthen the Party's leadership over the fair participation of citizens in deliberative democracy,develop the Party's consultation in accordance with the rules,and improve the Party's leadership and consultation level.In short,we should make it to be a normal state for citizens to participate in deliberative democracy fairly,and make it to be a consensus,a model and a life.