Study On The Influence Of Industrial Agglomeration On Labor Productivity In China

Under the background of China's economic transition from the stage of high-speed growth to the stage of high-quality development,productivity will replace factor input as the main driving force of China's economic development.Labor productivity reflects the productivity of labor factors,which is one of the commonly used productivity indicators.After the reform and opening up,the rapid development of China's economy benefited to some extent from the abundant labor supply in the "demographic dividend" period.However,with the Lewis turning point crossed in2004 and the peak of the working-age population in 2010,the number of labor force in China showed an obvious trend of decline.Under this background,Improving labor productivity to cope with the impact of labor supply decline on economic development is an objective requirement to promote the healthy development of China's economy.At the same time,under the influence of regional conditions and policy factors,China's industrial spatial distribution presents the characteristics of dense in the east and sparse in the west,which has a certain coupling with the spatial difference of high labor productivity in the east and low labor productivity in the west.In 2018,labor productivity in the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta urban agglomerations with relatively dense industrial distribution was 178,000 yuan/person and 195,000yuan/person respectively,1.5 times and 1.7 times of the national average.The promoting effect of industrial agglomeration on the improvement of labor productivity is an important reason for the similar spatial distribution of the two.Previous studies using Chinese data as samples have found that urban industrial agglomeration has a significant positive impact on labor productivity,which means that industrial agglomeration is an important source of the improvement of urban labor productivity.However,by calculating the spatial distribution consistency index of industrial agglomeration and labor productivity,it can be found that the spatial distribution coupling of industrial agglomeration and labor productivity is gradually declining in recent years,which may be related to the serious congestion effects such as traffic jams and environmental pollution in some cities of China.In this context,further research on the influence of industrial agglomeration on labor productivity from the aspects of influence mechanism and spillover effect is of certain practical significance for exerting the effect of industrial agglomeration on the improvement of labor productivity.Specifically,this paper will study the influence mechanism of industrial agglomeration on labor productivity,the heterogeneity effect of industrial agglomeration on labor productivity,the nonlinear effect of industrial agglomeration on labor productivity under the influence of crowding effect,and the spatial spillover effect of industrial agglomeration on labor productivity.Accurately grasp the industrial agglomeration effect on labor productivity mechanism can play a better industrial agglomeration in reality on the improvement of labor productivity,previous research on the discussion of this aspect is relatively small,therefore,this article from the human capital,technology,capital deepening the research on three aspects of industry agglomeration mechanism effect on labor productivity.There are relatively many literatures on the impact of industrial agglomeration on labor productivity heterogeneity from the perspective of different regions and different agglomeration types.Based on this,this paper further studies the impact of different industrial agglomeration on labor productivity heterogeneity,and conducts mechanism tests.Urban crowding effect of industrial agglomeration of labor productivity under the action of nonlinear effects,and between urban agglomeration economy under the action of the positive externalities of industrial agglomeration spatial spillover effects of the impact of labor productivity is also in this paper,we study the key problems,which in China urban crowding effect of growing and increasingly close association between urban context,has a certain practical significance.The research contents,methods and conclusions of this paper are as follows:(1)Using quad map,Moran 'i index,coefficient of variation,consistency index and other methods to analyze the status quo and characteristics of China's industrial agglomeration and labor productivity,and on this basis,using the imbalance index,bivariate Moran 'i index to analyze the similarity and correlation between industrial agglomeration and labor productivity spatial distribution.It is found that in terms of the status quo and characteristics of industrial agglomeration,the degree of industrial diversification in China is gradually increasing.The spatial agglomeration characteristics of total industry and manufacturing industry are significant.The difference of industrial agglomeration between cities is relatively stable.In terms of labor productivity,China's labor productivity has an obvious rising trend,and the labor productivity of the secondary industry is higher than that of the tertiary industry.The spatial distribution of labor productivity in different cities has a strong positive correlation.The Labour productivity gap between cities is narrowing.In terms of the relationship between industrial agglomeration and labor productivity,the spatial distribution coupling between total industry and labor productivity decreases gradually.There is no significant spatial correlation between total industry and labor productivity before 2016,while manufacturing and producer services have a significant positive correlation with the spatial distribution of labor productivity.(2)Using the data of 285 Chinese cities from 2005 to 2018 to empirically study the impact of industrial agglomeration on labor productivity in Chinese cities,and test the influence mechanism.It is found that after considering the endogeneity of the model,China's urban industrial agglomeration has a significant positive impact on labor productivity,and the results are robust by means of index substitution and sample transformation.Furthermore,this paper uses the mediating effect test model to test the mechanism of industrial agglomeration on labor productivity.It is found that human capital and technological progress are two important ways for urban industrial agglomeration to promote labor productivity in China,while the mediating effect of capital deepening is not significant.(3)The heterogeneity of the influence of industrial agglomeration on labor productivity is studied from three aspects: the influence of industrial agglomeration on labor productivity in different regions,the influence of different agglomeration types,and the influence of different industrial agglomeration on labor productivity.The conclusions are as follows: from the perspective of different regions,industrial agglomeration in eastern China has a significant positive impact on labor productivity,and human capital,capital deepening and technological progress all play a mediating role.In the central and western regions,the effect of industrial agglomeration on labor productivity is not significant.In terms of different agglomeration types,specialized agglomeration has a significant positive effect on labor productivity,and human capital,capital deepening and technological progress all play a mediating role.Diversified agglomeration has a significant negative impact on labor productivity.However,after screening the samples,it is found that diversified agglomeration has a significant positive impact on labor productivity in large and medium-sized cities with significant diversified agglomeration characteristics.For different industries,manufacturing agglomeration has a significant positive impact on labor productivity,while capital deepening and technological progress both play a mediating role.The agglomeration of producer services has a significant positive effect on labor productivity,and human capital and capital deepening play a mediating role.The impact of consumer services on labor productivity is not significant.(4)Empirical study on the non-linear impact of industrial agglomeration on labor productivity.Using the dynamic threshold regression model to study the non-linear impact of industrial agglomeration on labor productivity,it is found that when the degree of industrial agglomeration is within a certain range,the industrial agglomeration has a significant positive impact on labor productivity,but when the degree of industrial agglomeration is beyond this range,the effect of industrial agglomeration on labor productivity is not significant.The influence of industrial agglomeration on labor productivity in the eastern and central regions shows an "inverted U" shape.In the western region,when the degree of industrial agglomeration is low,the influence on labor productivity is not significant,but when the degree of industrial agglomeration exceeds a certain range,it has a significant positive impact on labor productivity.In terms of different agglomeration types,when the degree of specialization agglomeration and diversification agglomeration is low,the impact on labor productivity is significantly positive and significantly negative,respectively,while when the degree of specialization agglomeration and diversification agglomeration is high,the impact on labor productivity is not significant.In different industries,the agglomeration of manufacturing industry,producer service industry and consumer service industry has an "inverted U-shaped" influence on labor productivity.(5)Empirical study on the spatial spillover effect of industrial agglomeration on labor productivity.Space doberman model and partial differential decomposition method was used to study the space of industrial agglomeration effect on labor productivity spillover effects found industrial agglomeration effect on labor productivity spatial spillover effect exists,namely the local industrial cluster to other cities there were significantly positive influence on labor productivity,is greater than the short-term effect and long-term effect.In addition,the agglomeration of specialization,diversification,manufacturing and producer services also has spatial spillover effect on labor productivity.