Research On The Impact Of Public Education Expenditure On The Income Distribution Gap Of Residents

The public education expenditure is an important tool to improve the national education level,and it is also an important factor to affect the change of the residents' income distribution gap.In the domestic academic circle,there are two kinds of mainstream understandings on the impact of public education expenditure on the residents' income distribution gap.One is that public education expenditure assumes a function of government income distribution,and the increase of its total expenditure is conducive to narrow the residents' income distribution gap.The other holds that this positive impact presents an inverted U-shaped relationship,that is,with the continuous increase of public education expenditure,the residents' income distribution gap will rise firstly and then decline after the inverted U-shaped inflection point comes.The paper finds that these two understandings are inconsistent with the real life.through a long period of observation,I find the education expenditure didn't have a positive effect on narrowing the residents' income distribution gap,and the inverted U-shaped inflection point from up to down of the residents' income distribution gap didn't appear all the time.On the contrary,the growth of the education expenditure has an opposite effect on narrowing the residents' income distribution gap through the analysis of MIC value statistics method inspection.The paper mainly focuses on the structure and system of public education expenditure,and the study has come to two main conclusions: firstly,the unreasonable structure of public education expenditure doesn't match the income distribution policy system for a long time,and it leads to the result that the public education expenditure is not only difficult to narrow the residents' s income distribution gap,but also has a long-term adverse effect.Secondly,the fiscal system oriented by fiscal decentralization is the institutional basis for the formation of China's unique public education expenditure mode and expenditure structure.And the education fiscal decentralization is the institutional root of the unreasonable problems in the structure of public education expenditure.The paper carries out the following research work.Firstly,the correlation analysis between the public education expenditure and the residents' income distribution gap.The paper makes a systematic study on the change of the public education expenditure and the residents' income distribution gap,which presents a significant nonlinear relationship.And it carries out further tests through the MIC value statistics method,and the conclusion is that public education expenditure has reverse effect on narrowing the residents' income distribution gap.Secendly,the analysis of the structural factor of public education expenditure on the residents' income distribution gap.According to this study,I believe that the impact of public education expenditure on the residents' income distribution gap depends on whether the structure of public education expenditure is conducive to the reasonable distribution of residents' income.The study has holden a threshold regression panel model by introducing public education expenditure structure as a threshold variable to the model research in the impact of public education expenditure on the residents' income distribution gap.and I find that the direction and degree of impact of public education expenditure on the residents' income distribution gap depends on the configuration of public education expenditure structure.And finally I draw the conclusion which is different from the previous research,namely,there is an irregular nonlinear positive correlation between the public education expenditure and the residents' income distribution gap on the whole.And the curve shape presents a trend from steep to flat,but there is no inflection point from up to down.This paper also further analyzes the impact of the hierarchical structure and the urban-rural structure of public education expenditure on the residents' income distribution gap.The paper analyzes the impact of the hierarchical structure of public education expenditure on the residents' income distribution gap by the panel error correction model,and finds that the structural growth of primary education expenditure and secondary education expenditure are helpful to narrow the residents' income distribution gap,while the structural growth of higher education expenditure has the opposite effect.At the same time,the expansion effect of higher education expenditure on the the residents' income distribution gap is higher than the reduction effect of primary education expenditure and secondary education expenditure on the the residents' income distribution gap.Therefore,the hierarchical structure of public education expenditure dominated by higher education expenditure has become an important factor of boosting the residents' income distribution gap for a long time.By constructing the VAR model to analyze the impact of the urban-rural structure of public education expenditure on the the residents' income distribution gap,I can see that the urban-rural gap of public education expenditure directly affects the expansion of the income distribution gap between urban and rural residents.Therefore,the city-dominated structure of public education expenditure is another important factor of boosting the residents' income distribution gap.Thridly,the analysis on the institutional factor of public education expenditure on the residents' income distribution gap.The paper finds that the fiscal system reform oriented by fiscal decentralization is an important institutional basis for the formation of China's unique public education expenditure model and expenditure structure.Under the framework of existing fiscal decentralization system,the evolution of public education expenditure structure shows a obvious path-dependent characteristics,which leads its structural adjustment obviously to lag behind the need of achieving the goal for narrowing the residents' income distribution gap.From the perspective of fiscal decentralization,the paper analyzes the behavioral logic behind the government's public education expenditure,and finds that the general fiscal decentralization makes the government's expenditure structure be partial to the economic expenditure field for a long time,and lacks an equal attention to the public education expenditure.The education finance decentralization makes the government more inclined to the fields that are conducive to the realization of economic goals in the structure of public education expenditure,which is specifically manifested two points: on the one hand,it is inclined to the higher education field in the allocation of educational development,on the other hand,it is partial to the urban area in the spatial allocation of education development.The status of fiscal decentralization is the deep-seated reason for the adverse effect of public education expenditure on narrowing the residents' income distribution gap.