Research On Protocols Of Network Secure Transmissions

Network communication is the inevitable trend of informatization. The classical cryptology techniques have been used to guarantee the security of network information service. However, it also shows some disadvantages such as big redundancy, hige computational complexity and low security. Especially, with the enhancement of personalized newtwork service, how to address these problems has become one important research of networked era.For a long time, the classical network communication has taken use of the store-forward switching to increase route efficiency, and it is generally accepted that the coding ability of the network node won't bring any gains for network transmission. However, in 2000 Ahlswede etc propose the network coding theory thoroughly overthrowing the traditional idea. Network coding is by endowing some information processing ability for network nodes, and can achieve the network multicast with the Shannon's maximal capacity. It is a major breakthrough in communications field recently. Network coding has unique advantages in the transmission efficiency, and is also feasible technique to solve the secure transmission on the classical network.Different form classical communication, quantum communication based on the basic principle of quantum mechanics, aims to establish some unconditional secure communication ways. It not only prviodes new ways and ideas to solve the problem with classical secure problems, but also has its own glamour. The quantum communication with two parties has been widely studied, however, the multiparties communications have just started, is also an important direction of quantum information. Comparing with the perfect classical network communications, the quantum network communications just appear its prototype. Although the networks with single source or single sink have simple structures, but they are the most basic communication types, and will trigger the research of quantum networking. In addition, quantum one-way functions as the primitives of the quantum asymmetric cryptology, has played a significant role in the research of quantum security communication. This thesis aims to study some basic questions of classical network communication and quantum network communication, including the classical network multicast, semiquantum secure communication, quantum network communication and quantum asymmetric cryptosystems. Specific includes:design some algorithms to resist eavesdroper and detect the Byzantine attack, construct semiquantum secure direct communication protocol, propose some quantum remote preparation schemes with single source and multisources and some experiment architectures, and study the quantum one-way functions and its applications in quantum asymmetric cryptosystems. We briefly summarize the main innovation work as follows:1. Based on the generalized eavesdropping model and all-or-nothing transformation, we construct some network mutlicast on the generalized combination networks, its security can be characterized by the network capacity and the min-cut bound of wiretapping set from the source. It can be extended to any directed acyclic networks with single source. Compared with the traditional results, this algorithm has no additional encryptions and giving up any capacity. Furthermore, using classical encryption technology, construct the multicast algorithm under the computation security, the advantage is to cancel all the restrictions on the eavesdropping sets. Finally, combined with classical encryption and authentication technology, propose some algorithm with more efficient and greater successful probability to detect at greater risk of Byzantine attack.2. As for the network communication with some classical access and quantum access, under the case of endowing certain quantum measurement ability to classical parties, puts forward a completely robust quantum scheme, to realize the quantum party distributes the classical infromation to the classical party. Based on this scheme, two semiquantum dialogue schemes are proposed. However, these two schemes cannot be easily replaced by two times of the present distribution schemes because of non-symmetry of two participates. These properties of the present schemes are in essential different from previous schemes of two-party with only quantum or classical capabilities, and establish the theoretical basis for constructing the mixed networks of quantum network and classical network.3. As for the single source quantum network, we first propose a remote preparation schemes with three parties, i.e., one sender remotely prepares an arbitrary two-qubit state to either of two receivers. Two cases of the prepared quantum state, an arbitrary two-qubit state with real coefficients and complex coefficients, are considered. One single EPR pair and a GHZ state are used as the quantum channel, and then the present scheme is extended to some partially entangled sources. These schemes realized the secure transmission with quantum control. Furthermore, we design a sender remotely prepares an arbitrary W-class state to multiple receivers. Compared with previous schemes, its successful probability is 1, moreover, the sender does not know the final receiver and this scheme has very good concealment.The scheme uses two GHZ state to build quantum channel, combined with the new entangle swapping, the sender can successfully remotely prepare W-class state. Finally, also calculate the cost of classic resources to measure the efficiency and cost.4. As for the multi-sources quantum network, by constructing some useful measurement bases, we first show that two senders can jointly prepare a three-qubit state of complex coefficients to a remote receiver via the three shared GHZ states. Then, the success probability can be improved by using the permutation group to classify the preparation state. Furthermore, under some different measurement bases, we propose another scheme to jointly prepare a three-qubit state of real coefficients with less restriction. The present schemes are extended to multi-sender, and the classical communication costs of all the schemes are also calculated. Finally, motivated by some previous joint remote preparation schemes, we propose some quantum circuits and photon circuits to jointly prepare an arbitrary one-qubit state. By constructing KAK decomposition of some transformation in SO(4), one quantum circuit is constructed for jointly preparing an arbitrary two-qubit state to the remote receiver.In addition, some deterministic schemes of jointly preparing one-qubit and two-qubit states are presented.5. Quantum one-way functions play a fundamental role in the quantum asymmetric cryptology because of its necessity for the secure encryption schemes taking into account the quantum computer. In this thsis we establish a theoretical candidate for one class of the quantum one-way functions and quantum trapdoor functions based on one-parameter unitary groups.The dynamics of parameterized unitary groups ensure the one-wayness and quantum undistinguishability in different levels, and the physical feasibility is derived from the simultaneous approximation of its infinitesimal generators. Moreover, these special functions are used to construct some secure cryptosystems such as quantum public-key cryptosystems and quantum signature without arbitrage for encrypting and signing the classical and quantum information resepectively.