Research On Marx's Virtual Capital Theory And Its Development

The theory of virtual capital is an important part of Marx's political economy and one of the important theories for studying and thinking about Marx's political economy.Marx studied and pondered virtual capital in his representative work "Capital",which not only has the basic connotation and essential understanding of virtual capital,but also the interpretation of the type,form and law of virtual capital.Although Marx's theory of virtual capital is jumpy and inconsistent,it is still logical and holistic.Later,Engels,Lenin,and others further expanded this theory,and with the development of the times and scholarship,Chinese and foreign contemporary scholars have carried out extensive research on Marx's theory of virtual capital.However,from the perspective of textual research,based on its inherent academic development history to study,from the two dimensions of theory and practice to carry out parallel,academic exploration is limited.In the tome Capital,Marx argues that although the theory of virtual capital is rich,the distribution is uneven(mainly concentrated in the fifth part of volume III,especially in chapter 25 "Credit and Virtual Capital" and chapter 29 "Various Components of Bank Capital"),the theory jumps are large(this is determined by the nature of the manuscript in the third volume of Capital),and the coherence of the narrative is not strong(there are many accompanying explanations).How to excavate and sort out Marx's virtual capital theory in Capital and its manuscripts,and explain the source,connotation,characteristics,meaning and evolution of his theory,is the focus of this paper.The first part sorts out the social background and theoretical sources of Marx's theory of virtual capital.Marx's theory of virtual capital has a multifaceted social background,both economic and political.From the economic aspect,it mainly includes the transformation of the capitalist mode of production,the development of the credit system,and the reform of the banking system.The political level is mainly due to the fact that the form of exploitation of virtual capital has exacerbated political turmoil and has even become the main political contradiction between people and classes.In terms of ideological origins,before Marx,some economists had already focused on the field of virtual capital.The opinions,thoughts,and ideas of Will Retham,Adam Smith,Sismondi,and others on the issue of virtual capital have played an ideological enlightenment role in the emergence of Marx's theory of virtual capital.The second part mainly explores the distribution of virtual capital theory in Capital.In Capital,Marx's interpretation of the content of virtual capital,although scattered everywhere,is mainly concentrated in the fifth part of the third volume,and the chapter 25 "Credit and Virtual Capital",Marx interprets virtual capital from the perspective of the credit of bills of exchange.Chapter 29,"Bank Capital and Its Components",starts from interest-bearing capital and conducts theoretical analysis based on the principle of obtaining interest.In the chapter 30,"Money Capital and Real Capital",Marx focused on the relationship between virtual capital and real capital.Chapter 31,"Money Capital and Real Capital II." and Chapter 32,"Money Capital and Real Capital III.",analyzes the relationship between borrowed capital and virtual capital.Although the theory of virtual capital is subordinate in the fifth part of the third volume,its text has a great role,and it is an important tool for Marx to analyze the capitalist mode of production and the evolution of enterprise organization,bank capital,so the theory of virtual capital has played a very important role in promoting the formation of Marx's other theories.The third part mainly analyzes the internal logic of Marx's theory of virtual capital in depth.Starting from the perspectives of credit,banking system,and money,we examine the theory of virtual capital in Capital,sort out its logical context of development in the text,and at the same time point out the necessity and role of triple logical exploration of virtual capital in Capital,in order to lay an analytical foundation for the connotation clarification,concept definition,characteristic summary,and theoretical combing of Marx's virtual capital theory.The fourth part mainly deals with the theoretical content of virtual capital.With virtual capital as the theme,relying on the triple logic of virtual capital,and based on the text of Capital,the concept of virtual capital of Capital is explained from two angles: chivalry and generalization,summarizing its form and refining its characteristics.Summarize its basic content from the aspects of effect ripple,morphological evolution,and risk price,and then explain its theoretical role.The fifth part mainly elaborates on the supplement and development of Marx's theory of virtual capital from Engels to Lenin.Through the continuous efforts of Marxist researchers,the theory of virtual capital has been continuously interpreted,revised,modified,and even surpassed.From the perspective of the history of the development of Marxism itself,Engels,Hifatin and Lenin contributed the most to the development of this theory.Combing the evolution of this theory from the perspective of the history of Marxism's own development not only enables us to have a general grasp of the "de-vein" of the theory within the framework of the development of Marxist theory itself,but also enables us to re-examine the academic value of Marx's theory from the perspective of academic history.The sixth part mainly analyzes the contemporary exploration of Marx's theory of virtual capital by Chinese and foreign scholars.From the academic development of "West Malaysia" and "postmodern",the study of the text of "Capital",and the analysis of the financial crisis,Chinese and foreign scholars examine the development of Marx's virtual capital theory.Placing Marx's theory of virtual capital in a contemporary theoretical perspective,especially from a Western theoretical perspective,to examine and judge,in this way,it will not only help the contemporary academic examination of Marx's virtual capital theory,but also help us to look at Marx's theory from different academic perspectives,and also highlight the contemporary value of Marx's virtual capital theory.The seventh part mainly examines Marx's theory of virtual capital from the practical level.Whether it is the test of Marx's theory of virtual capital,or the creative inheritance and innovative development,it is inseparable from the verification,reflection and thinking at the practical level.In this chapter,combined with the development of the socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics in the new era,we will explain the application of Marx's virtual capital theory,and analyze and explain the need to develop and improve Marx's virtual capital theory.