Research On Ultralight Scalar And Vector Dark Matter Detection Schemes Based On Atom Interferometers

Although a variety of cosmological and astrophysical observations indirectly support the existence of dark matter(DM),no signal of DM has been directly detected.Therefore,the direct detection of DM has become one of the most challenging problems in modern physics.The ultralight DM is one of the most important DM candidates.Probing ultralight DM is an important direction of the DM research.Now people begin to search this DM by various existential and proposed experiments.Atom interferometer is a new precision measurement instrument,which is expected to open up a new way to detect ultralight DM.In this thesis,the theoretical research of ultralight scalar DM and ultralight vector DM detection schemes based on atom interferometers is carried out.The major innovations achieved include:1,Investigating the environmental dependence of ultralight scalar DM with atom interferometers.First we found that the existence of the Earth would change the mass of the DM by solving the DM field equation near the Earth.The modification of mass is related to the density of the Earth.Then we compute the phase of the atom interferometers under the influence of the DM by the complete solution of the DM including the cosmic harmonic oscillation term and the local exponential fluctuation term.Finally we constrain the five coupling parameters by the weak equivalence principle experiments with atom interferometers.2,Ultralight scalar DM detection with Zhaoshan long-baseline AI gravitation antenna(ZAIGA).First we give the ultralight scalar DM signal in a pair of separated atom interferometers.Then we evaluate the theoretical constraints of ZAIGA’s vertically separated atom interferometers and horizontally separated atom interferometers on the five coupling parameters of DM.The results indicate that the constraints set by near ZAIGA are worse than the MICROSCOPE’s constraints,but the constraints set by future ZAIGA are better than the MICROSCOPE’s constraints by about three or four orders of magnitude.3,Ultralight vector DM detection with atom interferometers.First we detailedly compute the phase signal induced by ultralight vector DM for the atom interferometers.Then we constrain the coupling parameters by the recent and future results of testing weak equivalence principle with dual species atom interferometers.The results indicate that the recent constraints are worse than MICROSCOPE’s constraints but the future constraints are better than the MICROSCOPE’s constraints.Especially,we put forward to detect ultralight vector DM by a pair of separated identical atom interferometers.Then we use the technical parameters of the atomic experiment for DM and gravity exploration(AEDGE)to constrain the coupling parameters.The constraints set by AEDGE could exceed current bounds by several orders of magnitude.