Seedlings Breeding Of Astragalus Membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge.var.Mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao And Its Response To Saline-Alkali Stress And Fertilizer

Using Astragalus membranaceus（Fisch.）Bge.var.Mongholicus（Bge.）Hsiao（A.mongholicus）seeds as materials,three cultivation measures of A.mongholicus seedlings breeding were explored;Using A.mongholicus seedlings as materials,the effects of saline-alkali stress on the differential metabolites and differentially expressed genes of biennial A.mongholicus were explored by metabolome and transcriptome;and the effects of different fertilizers on the yield and effective components of biennial A.mongholicus on saline-alkali land,and the improvement of saline-alkali land.The results were as follows:1.Compared with other treatments,when the seed spacing was 1 cm,it had the highest quality seedling rate and profit under the condition of guaranteeing higher yield in the field knitting thread fine sowing seedling.That is,the total number of seedlings was216.94×10⁴plants/hm²,the total weight of seedlings was 14,278 kg/hm²,and the quality seedlings rate was 61.17%,and the profit was 135,000 yuan/hm².Compared with other treatments,when the substrate ratio of 75%peat soil:to 25%vermiculite,two times of nutrient solution concentration of Hoagland had the highest yield,highest quality seedlings rate,and total income in the substrate seedlings.That is,the weight of seedlings reached324.9 g/50 plants,the quality seedlings rate reached 78.0%,and the total income reached723 yuan/10 thousand plants.Compared with other treatments,when the 90 kg·hm^-2breeding could have the highest quality seedlings rate and profit based on ensuring a yield in greenhouse seedlings.That is,the total number of seedlings was 239.89×10⁴plants/hm²,the total weight of seedlings was 15,375 kg/hm²,and the quality seedlings rate was68.89%,and the profit was 138,400 yuan/hm².2.Metabolomics studies had shown that there were significant differences between the two groups of samples in the treatment group(200 mmol·L^-1mixed saline-alkali solution)and the control group.In the positive and negative ion modes,a total of 22,270kinds of material peak numbers were detected.After screening,the number of 8,961metabolites was determined,of which the number of differential metabolites was 997.There were 555 differential metabolites significantly up-regulated in the treatment group.Among the VIP value Top-50 differential metabolites,39 differential metabolites were significantly up-regulated in the treatment group.The differential metabolites mainly include flavonoids and terpenoids and their derivatives.Through the pathway enrichment analysis of differential metabolites,there were 59 differential pathways.Among them,there were three pathways enriched by flavonoid differential metabolites with up-regulated expression,which were flavonoid biosynthesis pathway,isoflavonoid biosynthesis pathway,flavone and flavonol biosynthesis pathway.3.A total of 40.81 G Clean Data was obtained by transcriptome sequencing of all samples.67,573 pieces of Unigene were spliced together,with an average length of 781.2bp.Rereads were compared with Unigene,and the comparison rate was 78.73～91.82%.The number of differentially expressed genes was 3,690,among which the number of differentially expressed genes significantly up-regulated in the t group was 1,487.GO enrichment analysis showed that 1,804 differentially expressed genes were enriched in2,487 entries,among which 889 entries with significant GO were enriched.KEGG enrichment analysis showed that a total of 806 differentially expressed genes were enriched in 115 Pathway entries,of which 19 were significant.7,519 SSRs and 60,251CDS sequences were predicted.There were 1,259 Unigene annotations to transcription factors.AP2/ERF-ERF,MYB,NAC,and WRKY were the most differentially expressed transcription factor families.Quantitative real-time quantitative PCR showed that the transcriptome data were reliable.The combined analysis of transcriptome and metabolome showed that some flavonoids related differentially expressed genes were strongly correlated with their differential metabolites,and some flavonoids related differential metabolites were regulated by their upstream differentially expressed genes.That is,A.mongholicus could respond to saline-alkali stress by up-regulating the expression levels of flavonoid-related metabolites and genes.4.Compared with the control of no fertilization,the application of compound fertilizer had less influence on the yield and heavy metal content of A.mongholicus in the saline-alkali land.On the contrary,the application of compound fertilizer would reduce the medicinal ingredients and profits of A.mongholicus and increase the salinization degree of the saline-alkali land.The application of biological fertilizer of microorganism inoculant had little effect on the yield,quality,and profit of A.mongholicus and saline-alkali land.The application of water soluble fertilizer of alginic acid,water soluble fertilizer of humic acid,and organic fertilizer could improve the yield and quality of A.mongholicus and improve the saline-alkali land to some extent.Organic fertilizer could ensure that the quality of the A.mongholicus,based on the improvement of saline-alkali land,had the highest yield and profits.It could be considered the best fertilizer treatment for saline-alkali land transplanting of A.mongholicus.That is,the yield was 7,046.2 kg/hm²and 6,941.2 kg/hm²respectively in two years,the content of Astragaloside was 0.134%and 0.146%respectively in two years,the content of Calycosin-7-glucoside was 0.069%and 0.063%respectively in two years,the profits was 39,200 yuan/hm²and 42,700yuan/hm²respectively in two years.