The Applications Of Identical Particle Spatial Indistinguishability In Quantum Network

All identical particles represented by photons,electrons and atoms are the information carriers that constitute complex quantum systems,as well as large-scale and long-distance quantum networks.According to the basic requirements of the symmetry principle of quantum mechanics,the quantum states corresponding to identical particles have the potential to be used as quantum resources from the mathematical forms.However,at present,most studies on the indistinguishability of identical particles as quantum resources are mainly theoretical studies,and the related experimental demonstrations are yet to be discovered.In this thesis,the application of the spatial indistinguishability of identical particles in quantum networks is the main line.Starting from the validation experiments to prove that identical particles based on spatial indistinguishability can be used as quantum resources,this thesis strongly demonstrates that such resources are not only in the mathematical forms,but also physical resources that can be applied in quantum information tasks.And from the experimental point of view,further studies and applications based on spatial indistinguishability resources in quantum information are provided,gradually improving the studies of constructing multi-node quantum networks.The main innovative research results of this thesis are as follows:1.Demonstrating the physicality of quantum entanglement resources excited by spatial indistinguishability of identical particles through the wave function interference technique.Quantum entanglement resources are one of the most prevalent and widely used representatives of quantum informatics,so it is necessary to prove that identical particles can also prepare quantum entanglement resources in the framework of spatially indistinguishable resource theory and are available physical resources.In Chapter 4 of the main text,we present theoretical and experimental approaches to extract quantum resources generated by spatial indistinguishability using no-label theory as well as spatially localized operation and classical communication.Furthermore,we also implement an experimental framework for quantum teleportation to demonstrate the availability of resources.2.Designing and preparing the coherence resource based on spatial indistinguishability of identical particles,further applying in quantum phase discrimination.Quantum coherence is one of the typical features that distinguish it from classical physics and is the basis of quantum many-body interference.In Chapter 5 of the main text,we construct two-and three-energy quantum coherent states based on the spatially indistinguishable photons,respectively,and further deepen the understanding of quantum coherence by using the extracted quantum coherence resources in the physical scenario of quantum phase discrimination based on the metric of their corresponding coherence resources.3.Constructing the method for the direct measurement of the statistical phase information of identical particles(bosons,fermions and anyons)and extending in multi-particle system.The quantum symmetry assumption is directly reflected in the different statistical properties of the identical particles,specifically in the fact that the global states composed of identical particles produce different exchange phase information during the exchange process.In Chapter 6 of the main paper,we introduce the operator of direct measurement to directly obtain the exchange phase information of different identical particles,and construct and implement a method to directly measure the statistical phase information of identical particles(bosons,fermions and arbitrators),which is experimentally demonstrated in quantum optical experiments.Furthermore,this direct measurement framework can be further extended to multi-particle systems and other identical particle systems such as quantum electronics,quantum dots,and topological quantum systems.This work deepens the physical understanding of the symmetry assumption in quantum mechanics and the further application of spatial indistinguishability resources in quantum information processing.4.Realizing entanglement distribution in multi-node quantum networks via spatial indistinguishability,and providing a basis for building large-scale quantum networks by using spatially indistinguishability resources of identical particles.One of the very important applications of studying quantum resources based on spatial indistinguishability is the construction of large-scale,long-range quantum networks.In Chapter 7 of the main text,we theoretically introduce the establishment of quantum networks of fermions and bosons in the framework of no-label theory,and establish quantum entanglement based on the indistinguishable system made of four photons.Different from the entanglement swapping process,our system does not require two pairs of initially entangled photons and the process of Bell state measurement,providing a basis for further applications of indistinguishable particles in quantum networks and for the application of spatial indistinguishable resources of identical particles to build large-scale quantum networks.5.Studying the dynamical evolution phenomena of quantum steering based on spatially indistinguishable resources in different open quantum systems.The study of quantum phenomena under open quantum systems is of great significance for the application of quantum informatics.And quantum steering,as a typical asymmetric quantum resource,has yet to progress in open environments.In Chapter 8 of the main paper,we quantitatively investigate the dynamical evolution of quantum steering resources corresponding to symmetric and asymmetric states in different non-Markovian processes and demonstrate the relationship between the non-Markovian degree and memory effects as well as the one-way properties of quantum steering in multi-setting measurements.Our experimental results help to advance the practice of spatially indistinguishable resources of identical particles in open quantum systems.