Bat Virome And Potential Threat Virus Discover

Over the past two decades,there has been a significant increase in the emergence and re-emergence of viral pathogens that have caused epidemics of varying severity,including the influenza A virus,Nipah virus,severe acute respiratory syndrome(S ARS)coronavirus,Middle East respiratory syndrome(MERS)coronavirus,Ebola virus,SARS-CoV-2,and monkeypox virus.Epidemics of different severity levels have been observed as a result of these viral pathogens,and they have been found to consume significant social resources,induce panic,and even result in fatalities.T Human society is confronted with the threat posed by these epidemic situations.It is postulated that most of these viral pathogens,which are currently circulating among humans,originate from wild animal hosts.Instances of cross-species transmission events between wild animal hosts and livestock,although rarely observed,may potentially lead to direct transmission to humans.Therefore,the continuation of virome studies focusing on the natural host of viruses and related animals within the same ecological cycle is deemed necessary.Following the catalyzing effect of the SARS and COVID-19 outbreaks,Chiroptera,which comprises widely distributed and diverse mammalian orders,has become the most extensively researched animal host in virology due to the potential threat it poses to public health.China,with its rich species resources,has documented the presence of 141 bat species within its borders.Bat virome studies have been conducted for over ten years,leveraging next-generation sequencing technology.However,these studies exhibit limitations in terms of sampling point distribution,sample size,and sequencing technology.As a consequence,the available information regarding viruses carried by bats remains insufficient.In order to achieve early warning of potentially hazardous pathogens carried by bats and to mitigate their potential harm,virome research and coronavirus screening were conducted in this study.A total of 13,105 bat samples from 53 bat species belonging to eight families were collected from 14 provinces in China between 2016 and 2021.The collection and analysis of these samples aimed to obtain background data on viral pathogens.During the coronaviruses screening process,more than 1140 coronavirus positive samples were identified,but no SARS-CoV-2 related coronaviruses were detected.This suggests a limited circulation of SARS-CoV-2 related coronaviruses among bats in China.Assembled sequence data yielded 76186 viral contigs which longer than 1000bp.Within the dataset,comprehensive evolutionary analyses of vertebrate viruses were performed,encompassing the majority of viral families associated with vertebrate viruses.The analysis of the dataset revealed an expansion in the genetic diversity of known viruses.Moreover,numerous novel viruses exhibiting a greater genetic distance from known viruses were identified such as poxvirus carried by Rhinolophus species,pestiviruses carried by Pipistrellus abramus,Rhinolophus species,and Hipposideros species,filovirus carried by Myotis species,teschoviruses carried by fruit species,bat spumaviruses,etc.These findings contribute to a better understanding of the viral landscape and provide valuable insights into the emergence and evolution of vertebrate viruses.Some of these viruses,including Hepacivirus and Pestivirus in the family Flaviviridae,Hepatovirus,Parechovirus,Sapelovirus and Teschovirus in the family Picornaviridae and some members of Poxviridae and Filoviridae,were selected as key focus points for further analysis.The selection of these targets is based on their genetic relationship with members of the"List of pathogenic microorganisms transmitted between humans" and the "List of Class Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ animal epidemic diseases," which encompass crucial pathogens that can be transmitted between humans and animals.Through cross-species transmission analysis,it was revealed that bats not only serve as "donors" of viruses but also frequently act as "receivers" of viruses.Cross-species transmission events commonly occur among bats,rodents,livestock,and even humans,thereby emphasizing the ongoing necessity for virome research on natural hosts and the associated animals within their respective ecological circles.In summary,this study presents a multitude of bat virus sequences that can serve as valuable resources for the early detection and monitoring of potential pathogenic threats.These findings significantly contribute to the prevention and control of infectious diseases and make noteworthy advancements in the field of public health in China.