| Mudanpi and Baishao are the most used medicinal materials of Paeoniaceae,with more than 2,000 years of therapeutic use and a history of artificial cultivation of more than 1,500 years in China.They are the primary raw materials for 920 and 371 kinds of formulations,respectively.Therefore,the study on the material basis of its pharmacodynamic quantification-the environmental geochemical behavior and origin of mineral elements will be beneficial to improve the quality of the soil environment and the quality of Chinese herbal medicines,scientifically plan the economic development,and provide a theoretical basis for promoting the sustainable development of the Chinese herbal medicine industry.On the basis of thoroughly researching the literature,taking Baishao and Mudanpi in different production areas(Daodi and non-Daodi)as the research objects,collecting medicinal materials and soil samples,using decoction simulation and continuous stepby-step extraction experiments,as well as inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS),inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy(ICP-AES)and other experimental methods were used to determine the content of major and trace elements in medicinal materials,decoction and soil,and physical and chemicalproperties of soil,and to analyze the occurrence state of heavy metal elements,construct the mineral element fingerprints of two traditional Chinese medicines,discuss the transfer law of the elements in the medicinal material-water decoction system and the enrichment and occurrence characteristics of the elements in the soil-medicinal material system,and analyze the influence of mineral elements and pH value in the soil on the quality of medicinal materials.The environmental health risks of two medicinal materials were systematically evaluated,and the main results were as follows:(1)With the research on the Baishao,from 6 origins,and Mudanpi,from 5 origins,and the distribution characteristics of many mineral elements in the medicinal materials and water decoction,the multi-element fingerprints of the two medicinal materials were constructed to trace the origin of the medicinal materials.This provided the reference values,as well as changes in abundance and deficiency levels,of mineral elements within the two herbs.The distribution of rare earth elements in Pan’an Baishao in Zhejiang,the distribution of Ba-Sr-Fe in Sichuan Zhongjiang Baishao and the distribution of major elements in Xinjiang Shihezi Baishao all showed prominent regional characteristics.Compared with other regions,the Daodi production area of Mudanpi(Tongling and Wuhu)shows the lowest content of K,Mg,P,Na,and Cr,while the content of Si element is the highest,the content of Cd exceeded the standard.However,the contents of Na,Al and Ca are the highest in the main producing area of Bozhou,while Si content is the lowest.The ratio of potassium to sodium in the Mudanpi of Tongling,Wuhu,Chizhou and Xuancheng were 30,three times that of the Mudanpi of Bozhou.Among the decoctions of the two medicinal materials,the decoction of Bozhou Baishao has the highest total amount of trace elements,and the decoction of Bozhou Mudanpi has the highest total amount of mineral elements.(2)The contents of mineral elements in the medicinal materials of Baishao and Mudanpi and their decoction were compared and analysed.Baishao detected 53 kinds of elements,and 45 have been detected,the content of the other 8 elements is lower than the detection limit,which has a total amount of 17276mg/kg in Baishao herbs.Fifty-four elements have been detected in Mudanpi.All the elements have been seen,which have 27306mg/kg.Ca element is the highest element in both water decoctions,while K is the second-highest element.Except for P,Na and Pb,the content of the other 42 elements in Mudanpi is much higher than that of Baishao,indicating that the types and contents of elements contained in medicinal materials are more abundant than those in Baishao.In the decoctions of the two medicinal materials,48 elements were detected in the decoction of Mudanpi,the total amount was 6651 mg/kg,and only 36 elements were detected in the decoction of Baishao,the total amount was 2599 mg/kg.K was the element with the highest concentration in both decoctions,followed by Ca.Except that the content of the Na element in Baishao decoction is higher than that of Mudanpi,the content of other elements in Mudanpi is much higher than that of Baishao.Except that the transfer rates of Na,Si,Cd and Ti were higher in Baishao than in Mudanpi,the other 32 elements had higher transfer rates in Mudanpi,indicating that these elements are more accessible in Mudanpi than in Baishao into the water.In addition,the distribution of rare earth elements in the two medicinal materials and the decoction conformed to the Oddo-Harkins law,indicating the enrichment of light rare earth.(3)The content and bioaccumulation characteristics of mineral elements in the rhizosphere soil of Mudanpi from Daodi production areas(Wuhu and Tongling),Chizhou,Xuancheng and Bozhou were systematically analyzed,and comprehensive analysis of the occurrence form and migration law of heavy metal elements in environmental media of different origins was conducted in order to clarify the comprehensive effects of soil element content and pH value on the mineral composition of Baishao,which clearly pointed out that the pH value of the soil can be used as an indicator for the excess Cd of the medicinal material Mudanpi.(4)The medicinal herb Baishao meets the limit requirements of heavy metals and harmful elements.Cd concentration in Mudanpi in some producing areas exceeds the standard.The Mudanpi in Wuhu,Tongling,Chizhou and Xuancheng,the extractive state of NaCl with low activity is the main form,while in Bozhou,the main producing area,Cd in the water-soluble state with high activity is very high.Taking traditional Chinese medicine,most of them enter the human body in the form of water decoction.Through environmental health risk assessment,Mudanpi and Baishao do not result in a high carcinogenic risk to humans. |
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