| The intelligent superwettable materials with tunable surface wettability have attracted much attention due to their excellent application performance,which have shown broad application prospects in various fields such as mineral flotation,controllable oil-water separation,and droplet manipulation and transportation,etc.However,due to the limitation of technology and cost,the large-scale production and application of these superwettable materials still face some problems,such as the the control of surface wettability transition,the preparation and cost of the materials,and the durability and multifunctionality,etc.On this basis,in this thesis,with the two wettability control strategies of surface chemical composition and surface microstructure in mind,a series of superwettable materials with intelligent adjustable wettability and integrated multiple functions have been designed and developed by using clay mineral particles and nano-oxide mineral particles as the base materials with a simple and economical preparation methods.The wetting state and wettability tuning mechanism of the materials’surfaces under different regulation modes have been analyzed,and the internal mechanisms of the material’s durability,self-healing,electrical conductivity and multi-mode sensing property,etc.have been systematically elaborated.Moreover,the application performance of the as-preapred superwettable materials in some advanced application fields such as controllable oil-water separation,droplet manipulation and transportation,and intelligent wearable sensors,etc.have been investigated.The main research contents and results of this thesis include the following four aspects:（1）Based on the kaolin mineral particles,a superamphiphobic coating material with smart pH response,self-cleaning,good buoyancy and fine particle removal performance was successfully prepared through simple surface grafting modification and crosslinking strategy.In virtue of the reversible and tunable surface water wettability,the as-prepared superwettable coating material could be applied to efficiently and continuously separate various types of oil-water mixtures,especially the stablized oil-water emulsions,through in-situ or ex-situ pH responsive wettability variations,and exhibited high separation efficiency（>99.35%）,favorable antifouling property and reusability.In addition,the superwettable coating material exhibited superior wetting durability and stability,which could withstand strict mechanical abrasion and electrochemical corrosion tests.In light of the above advantages,the intelligent superwettable coating material with tunable surface wettability presents great application potential in various fields,such as minning anticorrosive coatings,mine wastewater treatment,oil spill handling and oily wastewater purification.（2）A pH-responsive multifunctional superhydrophobic fabric with intelligent tunable surface wettability and self-healing property was prepared by modifying the fluorine polymer modified anatase TiO2 nanoparticles on the fabric surface through solution impregnation.In light of the switchable and reversible surface water wettability,the as-prepared superwettable fabric could be applied for separating various oil-water mixtures,in particular the complex oil/water/oil ternary mixtures,showing excellent separation efficiency（>99.2%）and high filtration flux(12936 L·m-2·h-1)even under extreme pH conditions.In addition,with the as-obtained superhydrophobic fabric as the filter membrane,the continuous in-situ separation of the synthetic oily products from the corresponding chemical reaction system could be achieved,without interrupting the chemical reaction.More importantly,the alkli-treated superhydrophilic fabric could not only be applied in oil/water separation,but also show excellent photocatalytic degradation performance for a variety of water-soluble organic pollutants.These unique advantages ensure the multifunctional intelligent superwettable fabric have great potential in complex oily wastewater treatment and environmental remediation.（3）Using the reed leaves as templates,a functional superhydrophobic shape memory film（SSMF）with dynamic tunable wettability and high strain sensitivity was biomimetic prepared based on the shape memory composites（AgNWs/CNTs/PCL/PU）.The shape memory microstructures on the SSMF surface could be regulated by reversible thermal-stretching（bending）/relasing ways,so that the superhydrophobicity of the SSMF surface could be precisely tuned between low-adhesive rolling states and high-adhesive pinning states.Because of the intelligent and adjustable surface wettabilities,the resulted SSMF can be used for selective droplet manipulation and intelligent control of droplet movement.In addition,by virue of the excellent sensing performance,favorable flexibility and durability,the SSMF based multifunctional sensor could be applied for full range and real-time detection of human motion and intelligent control of various household appliances.More importantly,the dynamic surface dewetting properties regulated by human actions enabled the SSMF sensors to work steadily in wet or watery environments.The relevant research results can provide a new perspective for the multifunctional and intelligent development of smart wearable electronics.（4）With the reed leaves as templates,a mechanical durable,highly stretchable,and ultra-sensitive micronanostructured ionic skin（MIS）with bionic hierarchical surface structure was successfully prepared based on the composite ionogels（WPU/mHNTs-ILs）.To improve the stability of the sensing performance of the MIS in humid and corrosive environment,the MIS-based multifunctional sensor with excellent superhydrophobicity was further fabricated.By virtue of the well-designed surface structure and ingenious combination of various fascinating functions of the MIS,the obtained MIS sensor featured prominent sensing performance,including a wide sensing range of strain strain（0.1-400%）,pressure（0.001-15 kPa）and temperature（25-95℃）,ultra-low detection limits（0.1%,0.001 kPa,0.1℃）,fast response（67 ms）,and ultra durable sensing stability.In terms of application,the MIS-based multifunctional sensor could not only be applied in wearable movement monitoring,multi-signal detection,and high-precision written stroke recognition,but was also capable of detecting subtle underwater vibrations caused by liquid droplets/waves,robotic fish,and human action,demonstrating prominent sensing performance and favorable stability.This research is expected to provide promising strategies for the development of highly sensitive,multimodal sensing ionogels for wearable sensors and underwater detection electronics. |
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