Research On Principle Of Chinese Classical Architectural Form

Chinese classical architecture has been passed down through thousands of years,which has stored ancient thoughts.As a part of "tradition",it has profoundly influenced the current and future Chinese architectural design practices.There are many stable architectural forms in Chinese classical architecture,which have always existed in the long historical process.This paper attempts to discuss the principle of representative architectural forms,in order to construct the feasible relationship between historical theory and design practice,and carry out the research of architectural history with modern significance.The research takes "the difficulty of periodization of Chinese classical architecture" as the entry point problem,then puts the germination and evolution of Chinese classical architecture in the "space-time coordinates" constructed by the historical geography method.It takes the "unidirectional evolution of human society" as the logical premise,simplifies complex and diverse objects by introducing the concept of "prototype".So as to provide new ideas for the solution of the entry point problem.Through the discussion of this issue,the research can regard the architectural construction activities in the historical stage after China entered the agricultural society until the transition to the industrial and commercial society in modern times as the overall research object.In order to focus on its "commonality" rather than "characteristics."The research attempts to establish research program of "stable characteristics-prototypearchitectural form".Among them,the "stable characteristics" was formed in the gathering society period spanning tens of thousands of years.It is part of the "collective subconsciousness" shared by mankind.It has a foundational and stable nature.It will continue to exist in the "prototype" of Chinese classical architecture formed with the emergence of the "agricultural revolution".It will stipulate and influence the expression of commonality in the "prototype",which is the "architectural form".This paper attempts to explore the principle of concrete architectural form.Based on the modern architectural vocabulary,the research disassembled the "architectural form" in macro,meso,and micro dimensions—divided into principle of planning and layout architectural form,principle of single architecture architectural form,and principle of decoration architectural form.It selects "axis","stable shape",and "node decoration" as the representative "architectural form" of different dimensions to discuss three principle questions:First,explore the relationship between "architectural form" and "stability characteristics" in different dimensions.The argumentation shows that the "axis","stable shape" and "node decoration" are all concrete expressions of "stability characteristics" in the "prototype",which are not unique to East Asia.Second,seek the concrete manifestations and internal motivations of each "architectural form" in the historical process.The widespread popularity of the "axis" in mainland China is a manifestation of the Confucian concept of "love to have differences and courtesy with respect and inferiority" advocated by the Chinese agricultural society.Through the discussion of the Sinicization process of the pagoda and the construction of the Confucian Temple in northern Vietnam,it is shown that the important prerequisites for the "stable shape" to assimilate foreign architectural forms and export outwards are the agricultural social background factors guided by natural geographical conditions.Through combing the evolution process of some architectural components of Chinese classical architecture from functional components to decorative components,it explains the embodiment of "node decoration" in Chinese classical architecture.Finally,try to demonstrate that in modern times,when the social production mode changes,the "prototype" of Chinese classical architecture will encounter crisis,and the "architectural form" of all dimensions will also encounter crises and challenges.In the macro dimension,it explains the gradual approach of the capitals of the past dynasties to the "ideal city" depicted in Kaogongji,and the "fuzziness" of the central axis of Beijing in modern times.It expresses the internal needs of the dual empire of "Central Plains-Grassland" and the transformation of the Chinese people’s worldview from "inclusive of the world" to "system of nations" in the context of the transition to an industrial and commercial society.In the meso dimension,taking the construction of the Confucian Temple in the Northeast under the background of social transformation as an example,it reveals the source of the "crisis" in the "stable shape".In the microscopic dimension,using "node decoration" as the starting point,discuss the internal causes of the excessive decoration of modern Chinese architecture.The research focuses on the new problems arising from the above three principle questions:How should the "axis" that have lost the "divine nature" survive? How to transform the "stable shape" in the face of changes in materials and structural systems? How should the increasingly glorious decoration return to its original nature? The research tried to put forward potential solutions-the strict "real axis" turned into a changeable "imaginary axis",the "new life" of symbolism,the return of the "node decoration" intention.Finally,try to apply the above solutions to practical cases,in order to achieve the research goals related to historical theory and design practice that this article attempts to establish.