Research On Landscape Evaluation Of Jinan Urban Parks Based On Multi-dimensional Quantitative Analysis

Urban parks are an essential part of modern cities,and their characteristics of mainly green open space make them of vital significance in maintaining ecological balance,improving environmental quality,and promoting human physical and mental health,etc.The emergence and development of urban parks promote the benign and sustainable development of modern cities.At present,China’s urbanization is in the middle and late stages of rapid development,gradually entering a period of overall transformation from scale expansion to quality improvement.Against this background,the central and local governments have continuously formulated and introduced a series of policies and development strategies in recent years to improve urban habitat and transform urban development,such as Sponge City,Double Urban Repairs,Park City,Resilient City,Low-carbon City,etc.,in order to continuously promote the treatment of urban diseases and the improvement of ecological environment.The fundamental basis for the implementation of these policies and measures is to promote the high-quality development of green open space,including urban parks,so the overall development of urban parks and green spaces has also changed from an incremental model to a scientific development model with equal emphasis on quantity and quality,and the construction and management of parks and green spaces has gradually changed from a rough and loose style to a refined direction.In this process,how to establish a scientific landscape evaluation method system according to the current situation of China’s urban development,in order to make an objective and reasonable evaluation of the park landscape becomes an important and urgent task.At present,the main mode of domestic landscape evaluation research is still based on traditional site inspection,interview questionnaire and expert judgment,which has not formed a more authoritative evaluation method system,and the evaluation results are subjective and less accurate,and in some aspects there are differences with the real landscape aesthetic feelings of the public,and the availability of research results is affected.To address these problems,this study is based on the classical theories and experiences of landscape evaluation at home and abroad,takes Jinan urban park landscape evaluation as the research object,uses different types of objective data such as large-sample network evaluation data,laboratory landscape evaluation data and physiological-psychological experimental data as the research basis,and adopts data mining method,SBE-SD-FA comprehensive evaluation method and eye-movement analysis method,respectively,to We aim to reach a more comprehensive scientific and objective evaluation conclusion,and to provide a reliable theoretical and practical basis for the research and protection,planning and management,and sustainable development of Jinan’s urban park landscape resources.The thesis consists of the following parts:（1）Basic research:describe the background,purpose and significance of the research,relevant research progress at home and abroad,theoretical foundation related to landscape evaluation;（2）Research methodology:selection of research subjects and basic information,research methods and technical route introduction;（3）Park landscape multi-dimensional quantitative analysis:including quantitative evaluation of park landscape based on network data and text mining,quantitative evaluation of park landscape based on SBE-SD-FA quantitative evaluation of park landscape,quantitative evaluation of park landscape based on eye-movement analysis,the influence of soundscape and dynamics on park landscape evaluation;（4）Evaluation conclusion and optimization strategy of Jinan city park landscape based on quantitative analysis:the evaluation conclusion of each park landscape is drawn based on the results of the aforementioned multi-dimensional quantitative evaluation of the landscape,and the landscape optimization strategy of each city park is formulated on this basis;（5）Conclusion.Main research results:（1）Based on the quantitative analysis of the network evaluation data and text mining,the public evaluation of the landscape of the four Jinan city parks concluded that:Daming Lake Park and Baotu Spring Park have precious and scarce landscape resources,a strong historical and cultural atmosphere,is a nationally known tourist attraction,favored by domestic and foreign tourists,and is also the main comprehensive city park serving the local public;Quancheng Park and Jinan Forest Park,on the other hand,are mainly characterized by landscape vegetation,with a weaker historical and cultural atmosphere,and mainly serve local citizens.Quancheng Park,which originated from the Botanical Garden,is rich in plant species,systematic and scientific,and has a certain function of science education,but needs to be improved and upgraded in terms of park functions and landscape space organization;Jinan Forest Park is also based on good plant landscapes,and has a good landscape space system with balanced and perfect functions,and has its own characteristics in terms of picnics and leisure,wetland science,fitness and exercise,and is favored by the public in the western urban area of Jinan where there are fewer urban parks.It is favored by the public in the western urban area of Jinan and has the highest public network evaluation score.The overall public rating for the park from highest to lowest is Jinan Forest Park（4.72）>Daming Lake Park（4.56）>Baotu Spring Park（4.50）>Quancheng Park（4.32）.（2）The order of the mean value of the beauty degree（SBE）evaluation of Jinan urban park landscape samples is:Jinan Forest Park（56.83）>Jinan Forest Park（32.08）>Quancheng Park（17.47）>Daming Lake Park（16.25）,while the SBE evaluation shows that the amount of green,vegetation ornamental,spatial enclosure is the main index of park landscape evaluation,through the optimal scale regression analysis to build based on The basic visual evaluation model based on the above indicators was constructed through optimal scale regression analysis as follows:SBE=0.481×Green volume+0.271×Vegetation ornamentality+0.187×Spatial enclosure.（3）The semantic difference（SD）method evaluation of the park landscape samples shows that among the 15 evaluation indicators,Baotu Spring Park landscape has 9 best indicators and 1 worst indicator,Jinan Forest Park landscape has 5 best indicators and 2 worst indicators,Daming Lake Park landscape has only 5worst indicators,and Quancheng Park landscape has 1 best indicator and 7 worst indicators,which coincides with the above SBE evaluation results.（4）The Perception factor（F₁）,Exploration factor（F₂）,Vegetation factor（F₃）and Topography factor（F₄）are the main factors in the comprehensive perception evaluation of urban parks.The comprehensive perception evaluation model of Jinan urban parks constructed using factor analysis（FA）is:comprehensive score of landscape evaluation=（30.896×F₁+21.378×F₂+19.309×F₃+10.851×F₄）/82.433,and the model was verified to be highly accurate.（5）There are certain rules for eye-movement behavior during landscape evaluation.Eye-movement data analysis shows that the landscape evaluation SBE value is positively related to the percentage of Positive landscape elements area and their Fixation Count and Fixation Duration（s）indicators in the area.Eye movement heat map analysis shows that the visual focus is mainly concentrated on text,graphics,contrast areas,perspective points and other positions in the landscape scene;there are gender differences in landscape eye movement behavior:women are greater than men in the total number of Fixation Count,Fixation Duration（s）,and average Fixation Duration（s）indicators,indicating that women observe the landscape more deeply and carefully;men’s Fixation point distribution is more dispersed,indicating that men observe a wider range of landscape.In addition,women pay more attention to color landscape and close view than men.（6）Environmental sound and dynamic elements can affect the results of park landscape evaluation to some extent.Environmental sounds have a greater impact on the aesthetic evaluation of urban park landscapes.Natural sounds（birdsong,water sounds,etc.）that can be effectively perceived and understood by visitors will significantly improve the evaluation score of park landscapes,while artificial noises such as machinery and traffic will significantly reduce the evaluation score of landscapes;women are more sensitive to environmental sounds and prefer a quieter landscape environment;If there are dynamic elements in the environment that add vividness to the landscape（swirling water,swinging branches）,the dynamic visual landscape evaluation（video）is better than the static visual landscape evaluation（photo）.