| Arch bridge is one of the basic types of Chinese ancient bridge.In terms of time,the development of arch bridges in China has a long history.Only in terms of the visible physical evidence,it has a history of at least 1400 years.In terms of distribution,arch bridges are all over the country.Chinese ancient arch bridges not only retain a considerable number of impressive architectural objects,but also frequently appear in art works such as painting,literature,opera,film and television.Arch bridge has become a typical representative of local bridges.Therefore,it is not only a practical building,but also embodies rich Chinese cultural and aesthetic connotation.The previous research of Chinese ancient arch bridge mainly focused on archaeological excavation,protection and restoration,literature collation and engineering construction technology.And there are few special aesthetic researches.In this field,arch bridges are mostly scattered as specific cases and there is no systematic research results as so far.On the basis of the existing research,this thesis carries out further thinking and exploration,and makes a systematic and in-depth observation and interpretation of Chinese ancient arch bridges from the perspective of aesthetics.Taking Chinese ancient arch bridge as the research object,this thesis studies the formal language and aesthetic implication of arch bridge to explore the aesthetic cultural logic of Chinese ancient arch bridge.In this research,based on the background of Chinese local culture,we bring the architectural entity,art and culture and folk customs contained in the arch bridge into the observation field.Through this kind of analysis and research,we try to explore the unique aesthetic discourse system of Chinese ancient arch bridge and its inherent aesthetic dimension and spiritual connotation.In terms of research ideas,arch bridge is a building entity,and its intuitive and perceptual form is the basis of aesthetic experience and emotion.Therefore,we emphasize the formal language of arch bridge as a logical starting point.And the aesthetic implication of arch bridge is relative to the formal language,focusing on the research dimension of relationship between arch bridge and people.The time range of the Chinese ancient arch bridge mentioned in this thesis is based on the modern development of the bridge in the late Qing Dynasty at the end of the 19 th century.The Chinese ancient arch bridge here is from the perspective of cultural spirit,not purely in the sense of geographical space.It emphasizes that the material form and related cultural phenomena of arch bridge are in the context of Chinese local culture and the life world of Chinese people.This is the basic position of this study.This thesis studies the formal language and aesthetic implication of arch bridge,which is not only limited to the physical buildings with clear structure,but also contains the relevant artistic and cultural images.Therefore,the concept of arch bridge here will not be limited to the field of Engineering.From the perspective of form,we will bring the bridge with longitudinal spatial uplift and curve shape in the main body into the aesthetic research scope of arch bridge.This delimitation of arch bridge is only for this study.The first chapter is the introduction.It puts forward the research value and significance of the topic,combs the research status related to the topic selection,analyzes the shortcomings of the existing research and the maneuverability of the topic selection,and puts forward the innovation and research methods of the research.The existing researches on bridge aesthetics,modeling design,engineering technology,arch structure and Bridge in the cultural and spiritual sense at home and abroad provide a theoretical basis and rich empirical data for this study,but also there are deficiencies in thematic research,local research and aesthetic perspective research.Therefore,in the research,we try to extract the aesthetic research of Chinese ancient arch bridge from the research obstacles of the general architecture or bridge,and make a systematic,in-depth study of its own formal language and aesthetic implication.The second chapter clarifies the connotation of the concept of bridge and arch bridge,makes the corresponding interpretation and analysis.On this basis,the aesthetic changes in the development process of Chinese ancient arch bridge are summarized and grasped.As far as the existing arch bridges are concerned,the most ancient and visible arch bridges are those in Sui and Tang Dynasties represented by Zhaozhou Bridge.Before Sui and Tang Dynasties,there was no archeological site in China that can be confirmed as arch bridge.The image of arch bridge is only the intuitive feeling on the visual image and the conjecture on the text.Taking the Sui and Tang Dynasties of the existing visible arch bridges in China and the time of entering the modern development of bridges in the 19 th century as the boundary,the aesthetic changes of Chinese ancient arch bridges can be divided into two stages: early stage,development and prosperity stage.In the early stage of Chinese ancient arch bridge aesthetics,arch bridge was an ideal form of imagination existing in images,characters and legends.The arch bridge presented almost perfect shape and symbolic characteristics,revealing the aesthetic interest and desire of people at that time for the bridge to rise to the sky to form an arch.And for this purpose,they actively conceived and tried.The Sui and Tang Dynasties opened the great development of Chinese ancient arch bridges,which lasted until the Ming and Qing Dynasties.At this stage,in terms of visible physical objects,the number of arch bridges was huge,spread all over the country and the form was rich and diverse.The arch bridge is naturally connected with various art forms.Some arch bridges in the sense of pure concepts embody the ideas and aspirations of individuals and society about life.The arch bridge is closely related to the real life and the existence and emotion of Chinese people.The third chapter focuses on the form dimension of Chinese ancient arch bridge,and studies the formal language of Chinese ancient arch bridge.The aesthetic form of Chinese ancient arch bridge is composed of the aesthetic elements such as the structure,shape,space,material quality and decoration of the arch bridge.Therefore,this thesis makes a specific investigation on these aspects.The organization arrangement of arch bridge structure has fundamental significance for material aesthetics.This thesis discusses the structural beauty of the Chinese ancient arch bridge from the aspects of the arch masonry structure of the stone arch bridge,the arrangement structure of the wooden arch bridge,the components of the bridge hole,deck and body.From the perspective of visual image,the most obvious feature of arch bridge is its curved line outline,and this kind of bending is not on the horizontal plane,but towards the longitudinal space.This is the biggest difference from other types of bridges in terms of overall sensibility,and it is also the focus of arch bridge modeling.This thesis discusses the modeling beauty of Chinese ancient arch bridges from the aspects of basic form elements,types of arch forms and their combinations.The Chinese ancient arch bridge does not emphasize a kind of isolated single structure and a way of mathematical quantification and abstract geometric modeling to be observed by people,but pays attention to the connection with the surrounding specific environment,and experiences and feels for people with the overall space-time system.This thesis discusses the space beauty of Chinese ancient arch bridge from the aspects of the space formed by the arch bridge itself,the connection between the arch bridge and the surrounding environment,and the connection between the space inside and outside the arch bridge and the time.The realization of the form of the arch bridge must depend on the concrete material.The material and spiritual attributes of the material have an impact on the aesthetic of the form of the arch bridge.This thesis discusses the material beauty of Chinese ancient arch bridge from the aspects of material used in the construction of arch bridge.Decoration is to beautify the inner and outer surfaces of arch bridges and their related spaces,which combines a variety of artistic forms.This thesis discusses the decorative beauty of the Chinese ancient arch bridge from the aspects of the carving,couplets,painting and additional architecture of the arch bridge head and body.The fourth chapter focuses on the relationship between the Chinese ancient arch bridge and people,and studies the aesthetic implication of the Chinese ancient arch bridge.The aesthetic implication mentioned here is relative to the formal language in chapter three,mainly focusing on the relationship between arch bridge and human.It is a continuous construction process for Chinese ancient arch bridge to become an aesthetic object.Although the architectural entity of the Chinese ancient arch bridge exists in a spatial way,it enriches and accumulates the overall aesthetic perception and cultural significance in a temporal way.On the basis of physical or material arch bridge,the concept arch bridge is further developed,and the related folk culture and literary works are generated and accumulated.Therefore,this part will make a concrete analysis of the function beauty,artistic conception beauty and folk custom beauty of the arch bridge.The practical function is the most basic and the most important.The arch bridge is basic and extensive in meeting the practical function requirements of crossing,passing and loading as much as possible.Firstly,this thesis discusses the functional beauty of Chinese ancient arch bridge from the functional relationship between Chinese ancient arch bridge and people.On the basis of meeting the functional requirements,the concrete objects and environment of the arch bridge are combined with people’s subjective imagination and emotion to form the artistic conception of the arch bridge.This thesis discusses the artistic conception beauty of Chinese ancient arch bridge formed in the existence of time and space of life flow.At the same time,the artistic conception of the arch bridge also reflects the aesthetic expectations and ideals of the Chinese people.Here we will further explore the connection between the arch bridge and the spiritual philosophy of the Chinese people.Subsequently,all kinds of folk culture and literature and art works related to arch bridges are gradually developed with rich reserves.In customs and literary works all over China,the arch bridge is even related to our individual life course and collective and regulated social life order.People’s aesthetic feelings and experience towards a broader and free world.This thesis discusses and analyzes the beauty of folk customs of Chinese ancient arch bridges.The development of contemporary bridge construction in China is advancing by leaps and bounds,especially in terms of quantity and scale.However,the assimilation phenomenon of "Thousands of bridges in the same face" has not been curbed.Bridge construction is lack of aesthetics,culture and emotion.This phenomenon has a certain degree of fracture with the rich and diverse real life needs of contemporary society.Chinese ancient arch bridge not only meets the needs of practical functions,but also carries the Chinese people’s demands and ideals for the world,others and their own survival on the spiritual level from generation to generation.It is a local cultural symbol with local characteristics.Therefore,the conclusion summarizes the formal language and aesthetic implication of Chinese ancient arch bridge in terms of aesthetic gene.We expect to make academic efforts from the perspective of aesthetics and culture to provide some reference for the construction of contemporary bridges in China. |
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