Research On The Design Thoughts And Spatial Organization Characteristics Of "Courtyard" In Western Modern Architecture

As an ancient and ubiquitous spatial type in the world,"courtyard" reflects the simple motivation of human beings to create suitable living place through cooperation between indoor and outdoor space.However,with the rapid development of science and technology,human construction activities have been gradually replaced by mechanical,airtight,and energy-intensive machine since 20 th century.Even so,"courtyard" has become a common space type in the development of modern architecture with "space" as the core,and presents a variety of spatial forms and fragmented comments.Based on this,this thesis takes "courtyard" as research object,focuses on the important period of Western modern architecture of 20 th century,and systematically analyzes spatial design method of "courtyard" from two dimensions of "detached houses" and "collective form".At the same time,it analyzes the thoughts which behind the cases by combining history and theory,and finally forms a systematic review of the design thoughts and spatial organization characteristics of "courtyard" in the modern architecture,which not only fills the deficiency of the theoretical knowledge and design principles of the "courtyard",but also enriches the cognition of the diversified design thoughts and space design wisdom contained in the peak period of modern architecture.The core chapters of the full text are divided into five parts: The first part discusses the spatial attributes,spatial value and spatial organization characteristics of "courtyard" in Western classical architecture.The second part discusses two spatial organization characteristics of "horizontal stretch" and "continuous void" corresponding to the important icons of "anti-construction" and "domino",which are different from the Western classical courtyard.The third part,based on the understanding of new concept of space,takes related "detached houses" in western modern architecture as examples,and summarizes three kinds of design thoughts and spatial organization characteristics of "courtyard" respectively from three issues of "function and space","order and space" and "life and space".The fourth part,in the context of high density,takes the related "collective form" in western modern architecture as examples to analyze vertical and horizontal development of "courtyard",then summarizes diversified design thoughts and spatial organization characteristics under the two trends.The fifth part introduces the conclusions of previous article into contemporary globalization for extended discussion,and combines specific design practices and teaching experiments to explore possibilities in contemporary China.This thesis points out that "courtyard" as a space type still plays an important and active role in the development of western modern architecture,and has become an important carrier for architects to explore space design methods and reconcile the relationship between modernity and living ideals.These explorations,on the one hand,continue the dual values of "external flexibility" and " internal self-reliance" inherent in the "courtyard" through internal and external space collaboration;On the other hand,it brings new understanding and development of individual organization and group organization in modern thought and cross-cultural integration.It presents the continuous exploration on such topics as internal and external integration of space,rich experience of space,functional differentiation of space,overall order of space,multiple choices of space,human scale of space,shared value of space,flexible growth of space,and ecology of space.This research further shows the continuity of the relevant content in the context of contemporary globalization development,in order to help us obtain reflective references on how architectural culture and traditions are inherited and developed,which is of great significance for Chinese contemporary architecture to regain the deep connotation of "courtyard" and to discuss the modern inheritance and regeneration of "courtyard".