Research On China’s Fishery Total Factor Productivity From The Perspective Of Resources And Environment

China’s fisheries have undergone a transition from “dispensable” to “important”.From a global perspective,China ranks first in the world in terms of the output of aquatic products or the number of fishery workers and has made significant contributions to the development of world fisheries and food security.However,the rapid development of fishery also brings about a large number of resource and environmental problems,which runs counter to the current goal of pursuing highquality fishery development.How to improve the total factor productivity of fishery and promote high-quality development of fishery is particularly important.Contrary to the actual needs,the current academic circles lack systematic research on the issue of fishery total factor productivity,and lack of theoretical analysis on the importance of resources and environmental factors in the measurement of fishery total productivity,resulting in the failure to comprehensively consider the resource and environmental costs brought by fishery production activities in the measurement.To make up for the deficiencies of existing research,this study analyzes the necessity of considering resources and environmental costs in the measurement of fishery total productivity based on the two analysis tools of externality and production possibility curve,and on this basis the convergence mechanism and driving mechanism of fishery total factor productivity are explained theoretically.Under the basic framework established by theoretical analysis,the EBM model and GML index are used to measure the total factor productivity of China’s fishery from the perspective of resources and environment,and the spatial econometric model is further used to analyze the spatial convergence and driving forces of the total factor productivity of China’s fishery from the perspective of resources and environment.The main conclusions of this study are as follows:(1)Ignoring the resource and environmental costs brought about by fishery production activities will overestimate the growth rate of fishery total factor productivity.Compared with the case where resources and environmental costs are considered,the growth of fishery total factor productivity without considering resources and environmental costs is 1.3 percentage points higher.In terms of the two decomposition items of factor productivity growth of fishery,without considering resource and environmental costs,fishery efficiency growth is overestimated by 0.7%,and fishery technology growth is underestimated by 1%.From the trend of change,during the period 2004-2019,China’s fishery total factor productivity generally showed a downward trend,and fishery growth mainly relied on the intensive input of factors.In terms of different regions,the fishery total factor productivity in coastal and inland areas has shown a downward trend,but the decline in coastal areas is falling faster.In terms of production waters,the total factor productivity fluctuation of freshwater fishery fluctuates greatly,and the total factor productivity of the marine fishery shows a trajectory of first rising and then falling,but the overall trend is decreasing.In terms of spatial distribution,from2004 to 2019,the distribution of provinces with faster growth in fishery total factor productivity showed a trend of shifting from the central and western regions to the east.(2)China’s fishery total factor productivity has spatial convergence,that is,the backward provinces of fishery total factor productivity have a “catch-up effect” on the advanced provinces.The spatial interaction of fishery total factor productivity in different provinces will help speed up the catch up of the backward provinces in fishery total factor productivity to the advanced provinces.In terms of different regions,the spatial convergence rate of fishery total factor productivity in inland areas is faster than that in coastal areas,and is about three times that of coastal areas.In terms of production water area,the spatial convergence rate of total factor productivity of freshwater fishery is faster than that of marine fishery,and is about three times that of marine fishery.The test of the power source of the spatial convergence of fishery total factor productivity shows that,compared with fishery efficiency,the spatial convergence of fishery technology makes a greater contribution to the spatial convergence of fishery total factor productivity.(3)The increase in total factor productivity of fishery in economically adjacent areas has a positive spatial spillover effect on the total factor productivity of local fisheries.Local Internet penetration rate,transportation convenience,education level of rural residents,and the fishery disaster rate,number of fishermen’s technical training,fishery trade openness and urbanization rate in economically adjacent areas are also driving forces for the increase of fishery total factor productivity.By comparing the influence of various factors on the total factor productivity of fishery,it can be found that among the local factors,infrastructure factors including internet penetration and transportation convenience have the greatest effect on promoting the total factor productivity of fishery.Among the factors of economic neighboring regions,macroeconomic factors including the degree of openness of fishery trade and the rate of urbanization have the greatest effect on promoting the total factor productivity of fishery.The test results of effect channels show that the influences of local temperature,transportation infrastructure,education level,investment intensity of environmental pollution control,and the transportation infrastructure,technology promotion,urbanization in economic adjacent areas on fishery total factor productivity are mainly realized through affecting fishery efficiency.The impact of fishery trade openness in local and economically adjacent areas on fishery total factor productivity is realized by affecting fishery technology.On the basis of the above research findings,from the perspectives of building an evaluation system for high-quality development of China’s fisheries,strengthening inter-provincial communication and cooperation,and gradually improving policy tools,the policy implications for the improvement of China’s fishery total factor productivity from the perspective of resources and the environment is proposed.In addition,the future research is prospected based on the existing shortcomings.The contributions of this study are mainly reflected in three aspects.First,the study breaks through the traditional cognition of fishery growth,and shifts from “focusing on productivity growth”to “paying equal attention to productivity growth and sustainable resource and environmental sustainability”.This study comprehensively considers the resource and environmental costs brought by fishery production activities in the calculation of fishery total factor productivity.At the same time,the economic value of carbon sink fishery is added into the expected output according to the characteristics of fishery itself.The important finding is that considering the resource and environmental costs brought about by fishery production will significantly reduce fishery total factor productivity.Second,this study relax the traditional assumption that there is no spatial relationship between provinces in fishery total factor productivity,and test the convergence of fishery total factor productivity from the perspective of resources and the environment under the condition of considering the spatial interaction between provinces.The important finding is that the improvement of fishery total factor productivity in economically adjacent areas can significantly speed up the convergence rate of fishery total factor productivity.Third,this study shift from “emphasizing driving force test” to “emphasizing both theoretical construction and driving force test”.Based on the five-dimensional system of natural environment,infrastructure,human capital,macroeconomics,and government governance,this study constructs an analysis framework for the driving forces of fishery total factor productivity from the perspective of resources and environment,and further uses spatial econometric model to empirically test the driving forces of fishery total factor productivity.The important finding is that infrastructure factors,including transportation convenience and Internet penetration,play the greatest role in improving fishery total factor productivity.