| According to herbage demand and planting of Ningxia,introduced herbage into wolfberry cultivation to form a new pasture production mode.Land equivalent ratio(LER),interspecific competitiveness,plant growth and soil microecological factors were studied by 10 wolfberry-herbage intercropping patterns.Finally,focusing on root secretions and soil-borne diseases as the entry point to jointly reveal the interspecific interaction mechanism under the wolfberry-herbage intercropping pattern.The main results are as follows:(1)Wolfberry-herbage intercropping LER of greenhouse and field were increased ranged from 29%to 59%and 62%to 170%,showing significant yield advantages(P<0.05).The interspecific competitiveness analysis showed that herbage introduction did not affect the dominant competitive position of wolfberry.In addition,wolfberry-herbage intercropping could promote monetary advantage index(MAI),and wolfberry-mangel,wolfberry-ryegrass,wolfberry-alfalfa were perform well,with fruit and biomass based on MAI were 827.63,994.18,1918.57 and 2106.54,1706.27,3103.13,respectively.The 5 "prime candidates" were wolfberry-mangel,wolfberry-ryegrass,wolfberry-alfalfa,wolfberry-lv 5 and wolfberry-clover.(2)Wolfberry-herbage could increase the number of first-order branch/tiller and the ratio of production to dry,and decreased plant height,leaf to stem ratio and photosynthesis of herbage.In addition,the intercropping pattern could significantly promote hay yield of alfalfa,ryegrass and mangel in the comparable area,and the yield increases were 60%,64%and 70%,respectively(P<0.05);Futher more,intercropping pattern could improve the feeding quality of ryegrass and mangel by increasing the crude protein content by 32%and 10%,and decreasing the acid detergent fiber content by 10%and 18%,respectively.The overall effect on the growth of wolfberry were promote the photosynthetic characteristics.Ryegrass could increase the branch number,Lvyuan 5 and mangel increase branch length;Mangel,clover,sweet sorghum,ryegrass and stipas could reduce the damage of powdery mildew by 69%,and alfalfa,stipa and ryegrass could reduce the occurrence of aphids by 67%(P<0.05).Intercropping could increase carotenoids,flavonoids and ascorbic acid contents to improve wolfberry quality by 21%,53%and 127%,respectively(P<0.05).Therefore the best patterns of wolfberry-mangel,wolfberry-ryegrass,wolfberry-alfalfa and wolfberry-clover were chosen.(3)The interspecific relationship of wolfberry-herbage could be regulated by nutrient contents,enzyme activities and physical properties,specifically increase soil organic matter(OM),total nitrogen(TN),nitrate nitrogen(NN)and decrease ammonium nitrogen(AN),electrical conductivity(EC),total phosphorus(TP),available phosphorus(AP)contents;Ryegrass increased catalase activities(52%),mangel increased urease activities(38%),clover and alfalfa increased catalase(38%,36%)and sucrase activities(25%,42%)under intercropping,respectively(P<0.05).The abundance of Actinobacteriota,Chloroflexi,Acidobacteriota and Ascomycota,Chytridiomycota,Rozellomycota apart in bacteria and fungi increased significantly under the intercropping pattern.The richness of soil bacteria and fungi was different under different planting patterns.The changes in soil AN,AP,TN,TP,OM and soil enzyme activity caused by intercropping were potential predictors of bacterial diversity.(4)Herbage root exudates could promoted wolfberry seedling growth,especially white clover and alfalfa were up to 61%and 90%(P<0.05);Wolfberry root exudates could promoted seed germination and seedling growth of clover and mangel,seed germination of oat and ryegrass,seedling growth of alfalfa.In addition,mangel root rot were identified as Mycobacterium,Aspergillus Niger,Fusarium oxysporum and wolfberry root rot were Mucor cirrus,Rhizopus,Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium oxysporum.Wolfberry root exudates could promoted Fusarium plaque expansion and mycelial growth,ryegrass inhibited the growth of Mucor,Fusarium putrum and oxysporum,alfalfa and white clover promoted the plaque expansion of Rhizopus,Aspergillus Niger and Fusarium fulcrum,but inhibited mycelial growth of related pathogens;Mangel root exudates could inhibited wolfberry root rot,which affect interspecific relationship.(5)Ryegrass,clover,mangel and wolfberry root exudates were identified 395,370,324 and 332 metabolites.Correlation analysis of various factors of wolfberry-herbage showed that alkaloids significantly reduced bacterial diversity,while coumarins and flavonoids reduced fungal diversity,and the effect on bacteria was greater than on fungi;Root exudates components of Lyciumin,Oxalic acid,Candicine etc.were significantly correlated with soil enzyme activities and physico-chemical properties.Further analysis revealed that Lycium A and Lycium B decreased significantly under intercropping pattern,which was beneficial to reduce the occurrence of root rot and powdery mildew.LysoPC plays a significant role in seed germination and seedling growth;Benzoxazinones were significantly expressed in intercropping pattern could significantly reduce aphids damage;Oxalic acid and palmitic acid significantly expressed in wolfberry-clover pattern promote the mycelia growth of Fusarium mycelia,while Hesperidin inhibited Fusarium strains spread;Cinnamic acid and 4Hydroxybenzoic acid of mangel could significantly inhibit Wolfberry root rot.In summary,after study of productivity,competitiveness,growth and interspecific of wolfberryherbage,mangel,ryegrass,clover and alfalfa were stand out.which can form an effective docking with livestock industry,not only to alleviate demand for herbage in the farming industry,but also to form a new mode of forage production,for the development of herbage production and livestock farming.At the same time,this study from the soil environmental factors,especially root exudates as breakthrough point revealed the interspecific relationship and interaction mechanism under wolfberry-herbage intercropping pattern,which will provide scientific basis for further guidance of herbage production. |
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