| Background:Earthquakes posed huge threats to many parts of the world,and with urbanization accelerating,cities are more vulnerable to massive earthquakes.China is greatly affected by the earthquake disaster,which is one of the most quake-prone country in the world.How to reduce the impact of earthquake disaster on China is an urgent problem facing researchers.Communities are basic units of urban society which are not only an important place for people to live and work,but also the forefront in disaster prevention,reduction and relief.Resilience refers to the ability of a system to recover to its original state after being disturbed.Community resilience in the context of disasters is defined as the community’s ability to resist and adapt to disaster,repair its basic functions and recover from the impact of disaster.Community resilience reflects the community’s ability to resist,absorb,recover and adapt to disaster,which has received extensive attention.As an important force for disaster prevention and reduction,nurses not only directly participate in the on-site rescue of earthquake disaster,but also play an irreplaceable role in pre-disaster prevention and post-disaster reconstruction.The resilience theory emphasizes the system’s good adaptation to adverse environment and pays attention to the protective factors and their interaction mechanism in the adaptation process,which is significant to disaster nursing.In this study,we established an evaluation system of urban community resilience based on earthquake disaster from the perspective of nursing,and an empirical study was conducted on urban communities in Dujiangyan city to provide reference for improving community resilience.Objective:The objective of the study was to establish a evaluation system of urban community resilience based on earthquake disaster from the perspective of nursing,to understand the current situation of urban community resilience in Dujiangyan city.Methods:The study was divided into two stages:the first stage was to build an urban community resilience evaluation system;the second stage was to conduct an empirical study.1.Establishment of evaluation system stage-----literature retrieval,nursing expert interview and Delphi methodBased on literature research,this paper sorted out the theoretical basis,concept connotation and evaluation system of the community resilience,and established the item pool.Through expert interviews and literature review,we built the urban community resilience evaluation system from the perspective of nursing,and the evaluation items were improved and weighted by Delphi method.2.Empirical research stage-----cross-sectional survey methodAccording to stratified sampling+map sampling,12 urban communities were extracted in Dujiangyan city.Then 574 families,952 residents,5 community healthcare centers and 12 communities were investigated by field surveys,symposiums and household surveys.At the same time,we included 103 community health centers in Chengdu to evaluate the medical system resilience,105 urban communities attached to Dujiangyan city and Shuangliu district to evaluate the community environment resilience.Finally,we compared the overall and stratified level of urban communities resilience in Dujiangyan city,drew the resilience map and explored the related factors through personnel visit and field survey.Results:1.Results of evaluation system(1)Constructing evaluation system of urban community resilience based on earthquake disaster from the perspective of nursingThe evaluation system included four questionnaires,individual resilience questionnaire,family resilience questionnaire,health care resilience questionnaire,community environment resilience questionnaire,in which individual resilience questionnaire contained 4 dimensions and 17 items,family resilience questionnaire included 4 dimensions and 14 items,health care resilience questionnaire contained 4dimensions and 17 items,community environment resilience questionnaire included3 dimensions and 23 items.Based on index weight,community resilience was comprehensively evaluated according to formula Y=0.343X_I+0.183X_F+0.250X_H+0.224X_E.(2)Reliability and validity test results.(1)Individual resilience questionnaire,validity:I-CVI was between 0.87 and 1,S-CVI/Ave was 0.94.The correlation coefficient between each dimension and the total table was between 0.79 and 0.90,and the correlation coefficient between each item and the total table was between 0.66 and 0.79.Exploratory factor analysis,KMO value was 0.95,Bartlett’s spherical test was significant,4 common factors were generated,and the cumulative variance contribution rate of the 4 common factors was 74.97%,all of which were of statistical significance(P<0.01).Reliability:Cronbach’s a of the questionnaire was 0.94,and each dimension was between 0.79 and 0.91;the split half reliability of the questionnaire was 0.96,and each dimension was between 0.85 and 0.93.The retest reliability of the questionnaire was 0.82,and the dimensions were between 0.72 and 0.80.(2)Family resilience questionnaire,validity:I-CVI was between 0.80 and 1,S-CVI/Ave was 0.93.The correlation coefficient between each dimension and the total table was between 0.77 and 0.81,and the correlation coefficient between each item and the total table was between 0.46 and 0.74.Exploratory factor analysis,KMO value was 0.90,Bartlett’s spherical test was significant,4 common factors were generated,and the cumulative variance contribution rate of the 4 common factors was 70.84%,all of which were of statistical significance(P<0.01).Reliability:Cronbach’s a of the questionnaire was 0.89,and each dimension was between 0.73 and 0.91;the split half reliability of the questionnaire was 0.93,and each dimension was between 0.76 and 0.93.The retest reliability of the questionnaire was 0.89,and the dimensions were between 0.77 and 0.86.(3)Health care resilience questionnaire,validity:I-CVI was between 0.90 and 1,S-CVI/Ave was 0.95.The correlation coefficient between each dimension and the total table was between 0.59 and 0.86,all of which were of statistical significance(P<0.01).Reliability:Cronbach’s a of the questionnaire was 0.91,the split half reliability of the questionnaire was 0.94,and the dimensions were between 0.74 and0.95.(4)Community environment resilience questionnaire,validity:I-CVI was between 0.77 and 1,S-CVI/Ave was 0.93.The correlation coefficient between each dimension and the total table was between 0.63 and 0.93,all of which were of statistical significance(P<0.01).Reliability:Cronbach’s a of the questionnaire was0.88;the split half reliability of the questionnaire was 0.91,and the dimensions are between 0.72 and 0.84.2.Empirical research results(1)Overall scores of subdistricts:A subdistrict was 4.06,B subdistrict was 3.96,C subdistrict was 3.94,D subdistrict was 3.87,E subdistrict was 3.77.(2)Overall scores of communities:the average score of Dujiangyan city urban community was 3.93,and the scores on the four scales were 4.07 for individual resilience,4.07 for family resilience,3.84 for health careresilience,and 3.69 for community environment resilience.(3)Comparison of communities and subscales:among the community resilience scores,a community(4.12)was the highest,while l community(3.74)was the lowest.Among the individual resilience scores,b community(4.45)was the highest and i community(3.78)was the lowest.Among the family resilience scores,b community(4.51)was the highest and i community(3.75)was the lowest.Among the health care resilience scores,Ⅲcommunity healthcare center(4.33)was the highest andⅤcommunity health care center(3.43)was the lowest.Among the community environmental resilience scores,a community(4.39)was the highest,while h community(3.05)was the lowest.Conclusions:1.The urban community resilience evaluation system based on earthquake disaster from the perspective of nursing included individual resilience,family resilience,health care resilience,environmental resilience,4 first-level indicators,15second-level indicators and 71 third-level indicators,which had good measurement performance,.2.This study comprehensively assess the resilience of urban communities in Dujiangyan city located in seismic belt for the first time.On the whole,the resilience level of urban communities in Dujiangyan city was above average,with the family and individual resilience being good,the health care resilience being medium,and the community environment resilience being poor.In terms of stratification,the gaps between communities were large.As specific situation and resilience level were different between each community,targeted measures should be taken to improve the community resilience according to actual situation,such as population characteristics,hardware and software facilities,and community superiority and weakness in resilience. |
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