From “Local Knowledge” To “Hakkaology”

This dissertation takes the history of Hakka studies in the late Qing Dynasty as the research object,adopts the perspective of the transformation of knowledge,and discusses the evolution and changes of Hakka studies from a kind of "Local Knowledge" to "Hakkaology" in the context of modern humanistic terminology.power.This research have found that the most fundamental reason why several generations of Hakka intellectual elites have to continue to engage in the study of Hakka origins and Hakka history and culture is due to various external stimulations.Before the 20th century,this stimulus was mainly manifested in the contradictions and conflicts between the aborigines and the Hakka in South China,as well as the discrimination and even hostility of the surrounding people against the Hakkas due to such contradictions and conflicts.After entering the 20th century,this external stimulus mainly manifested itself as a literal "offense" based on the modern concept of "race".It is precisely because of this series of external stimuli that several generations of Hakka intellectual elites,with the purpose of tracing their origins and organizing the history and culture of the villages and states,have opened up a continuous and ever-changing research tradition.The excavation and extension of this research tradition,on the one hand,is consistent with the historical trend of the ever-increasing self-awareness of Hakkas since the 19th century,and on the other hand,it also corresponds to the role played by the Hakka group in the social transformation of modern China.The two respond to each other and stimulate each other,so that the writing about Hakka history and culture will be promoted to the compilation of local gazetteers and the compilation of local teaching materials from traditional personal theories and poems between friends.To the height of group attention,everyone talks.The theories developed by generations of Hakka intellectual elites around the origins of Hakka and its history and culture are able to rise from a kind of "Local knowledge" to "Hakkaology" in the context of modern humanistic terms,because they have constructed a set of knowledge and discourses fit in with various major contemporary issues in the development process of modern Chinese society,and through the penetration and turmoil of various contemporary issues,they have risen to become public or universal.topic.Among them,the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement and the Hakka-Punti war during the Xianfeng and Tongzhi period magnified regional conflicts and conflicts into national public events.The introduction of modern Western ethnography and ethnology terms and concepts such as "writing","race" and "nation" by Western missionaries has provided Hakka intellectuals with various "fashion" conceptual tools at the right time.Under the specific background from the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century,the knowledge and discourse constructed by the Hakka intellectuals through these conceptual tools coincided with the constant switching of contemporary issues such as "salvation and protection of species","competition for survival","unity of nation" and "revolution of repelling Manchu".Fit together.This coincidence seems to be accidental,but in fact it implies the internal logic of interaction and symbiosis between the construction of humanistic knowledge and social change.Therefore,this research can not only deepen the understanding of the academic history of Hakka studies,but also has important academic significance for understanding the intricate relationship between the construction of humanistic knowledge,production and social change in the context of modern academic terms.