A Study On The Thought Of Tianxia In Zhuang Zi From The Perspective Of Political Philosophy

The emergence of any thought is due to the thinking subject’s thinking on history and reality and the expectation of the ideal state.Based on the era in which he lived,Zhuang Zi put forward his unique understanding of the world thought through reflection on the thought of the world.In Zhuang Zi’s view,"Tao" is the metaphysical basis of politics,and politics is the human implementation of "Tao".The appearance of politics as "Tao" provides good conditions for people to continuously pursue the realm of the Tao;in other words,politics is a means rather than an end,and what it seeks inwardly is the perfect person who achieves the Tao,not the most perfect politics.From the perspective of political philosophy,this paper explores the unique connotation and ideal political vision of Zhuang Zi’s thoughts on the world,and combines it with the contemporary background in an attempt to carry out a more systematic discussion and reflection.The basic idea is as follows: The first chapter," Tao and skills will be split by the world ",expounds the era background of Zhuang Zi’s thought of the world.Zhuang Zi opened up a new proposition on his own thought of the world through criticism and reflection on the tianxia thought of various schools,as well as the inheritance and development of Lao Zi’s tianxia thought.The second chapter,"Tao and Tong are One",discusses the theoretical basis of the thought of the world.Starting from the metaphysical and transcendental perspective of "Tao",it makes it clear that “Tao” exists in everything,and treat all things in a way of thinking that all things are unified and not as clear as the way of thinking.The third chapter "Hiding the world in the world",from the perspective of the ruler,expounds the connotation and characteristics of the sage’s inaction rule in Zhuang Zi’s thought of the world,and analyzes the concept of inaction in accordance with the nature of things from three aspects:the ideal image of the monarch,the way of governance by inaction and the social state of the self-transformation of all things.That is to say,politics should no longer be used as a controllable tool for power and profit,but should be restored to its original state,so as to form an ideal political form of "in the world" that conforms to the laws of the movement and transformation of heaven and earth.The fourth chapter,"things but not things," discusses the individual’s return to and pursuit of the natural nature in Zhuang Zi’s thoughts on the world from the perspective of the individual.The ideal monarch not only means that he can justify his own life,but also creates conditions for others to justify their own lives.In the ideal political environment of "the world",the ruler who upholds the purpose of inaction provides a favorable external environment for the return of personal nature to nature in accordance with“Tao”.Different from the way of righteous people of Confucianism,Mohism,and Law,Zhuang Zi’s " Tao " means I myself and the external world “in harmony”,without interfering with each other.For Zhuang Zi,the best way to express politics is to allow people to follow their nature and develop freely in order to realize their infinite possibilities.Therefore,the best embodiment of politics is a kind of health-preserving politics,and sages and individuals have also completed the transformation from governing the world to forgetting about the world.The fifth chapter,"Achieving the Perfect Beauty and Traveling to the Perfect Pleasure",discusses the ideal realm pursued by Zhuangzi’s thoughts on the world.Through the elaboration of the ideal politics,ideal monarch,and ideal individual in the thought of the world,as well as the exploration of the relationship between people and politics in the thought of the world,it can be found that what Zhuangzi’s thought of the world wants to present is a kind of most beautiful and happy leisure.The highest will lies in how sages and individuals can realize themselves and pursue transcendence in their ideal political life;how to face the predicament of life,rethink the meaning of life,and realize their own freedom to the greatest extent.In this paper,the research ideas of Zhuang Zi’s thoughts on the world are as follows: the thorough comprehension of "Tao" on the ontology,the freedom not to be disturbed in practice,the liberation of human nature returning to nature,and the blissful and beautiful spirituality.This is a yearning for absolute freedom and the pursuit of the return of all things to the "Tao" in an equal,inclusive and free political environment,and it is also a reflection and response to the problems existing in the society at that time.