The Studies Of Civil Legislative Language

This thesis,taking the language of civil legislation as the research object,discusses the text language of civil legislation at the national level in a comprehensive way.This thesis mainly describes and analyzes the current civil legislative language from the aspects of nouns,verbs,adverbs,prepositions,conjunctions,complex sentence elements,special sentence patterns,pragmatics,styles and norms,aiming to provide a "list" of the characteristics of civil legislative language for relevant research,and provide some standardized suggestions for the future writing,modification and improvement of civil legislative language.In addition to the introduction and conclusions,the thesis is divided into eight chapters.The part of introduction mainly introduces the significance of the topic selection,the current situation of research,the method of research,the sources of materials and other issues.The first chapter is the study of nouns in civil legislative language.This chapter mainly discusses the structural types,semantic types,cognitive basis and usage norms of X ren(人)and X quan(权)about nouns.As for the structural types of X ren(人)nouns,there are eight types of syllable structures,namely "two syllables,three syllables,four syllables,five syllables,six syllables,seven syllables,eight syllables and nine syllables";Some of its internal levels are as high as "four levels" or above.In terms of semantics,the noun X ren(人)can be divided into "generic semantic field","antonymous semantic field" and "relational semantic field".The reason why the X ren(人)noun has complex structure and semantic relationship and long syllable length is mainly due to the need of communication.As for the X quan(权)noun,there are six types of syllable structure,namely "two syllable,three syllable,four syllable,five syllable,six syllable and seven syllable";Some of its internal levels have reached more than "three levels".According to different standards,the term X quan(权)can be divided into several semantic types: "personal right","property right","intellectual property right","control right","claim right" and "formation right".Since civil law is the private law,there are a large number of X ren(人)and X quan(权)about nouns involving "individuals" and "rights" in the language of civil legislation,which is the cognitive basis of the above two types of nouns.The reason why the structure and semantic relationship of the nouns X ren(人)and X quan(权)are complex and the syllable length is lengthened is mainly due to the need of communication,this chapter interprets them from a normative perspective.The second chapter is the study of verbs in civil legislative language.This chapter mainly distinguishes and analyzes"caipan(裁判)、caijue(裁决)、caiding(裁定)、panjue(判决)","shouli(受理)、shenli(审理)、shenpan(审判)、shenjie(审结)","niding(拟定)、niding(拟订)、zhiding(制定)、zhiding(制订)","shishi(实施)、shixing(施行)、zhixing(执行)、shixing(实行)"and"yingdang(应当)、bixu(必须)、keyi(可以)、nenggou(能够)、bude(不得)"from the perspective of meaning and usage,This thesis focuses on the comparison of their differences,and finally puts forward corresponding strategies from the perspective of language norms.The third chapter is the study of adverbs in civil legislative language.This chapter distinguishes and analyzes"dou(都)、jun(均)、yilü(一律)","yi(已)、yijing(已经)、zheng(正)、zhengzai(正在)","hai(还)、zai(再)、you(又)、ye(也)"and"bu(不)、meiyou(没有)、wei(未)"from the perspective of semantics and pragmatics.On the basis of summing up their common usage,this thesis mainly analyzes the differences between these adverbs in detail.Finally,the corresponding strategies are proposed from the perspective of language specification.The fourth chapter is the study of preposition in civil legislative language.From the perspective of semantics and pragmatics,this chapter distinguishes and analyzes"guanyu(关于)、duiyu(对于)、dui(对)","zi(自)、cong(从)、you(由)"and"anzhao(按照)、yizhao(依照)、genju(根据)".It mainly makes a detailed study of their respective usages and compares their similarities and differences.Finally,it puts forward corresponding strategies from the perspective of language norms.The fifth chapter is the study of the usage and standardization about the conjunctions of"enumeration and juxtaposition".First of all,the usage of the joint conjunctions he(和)andhuozhe(或者)in the civil legislative language is comprehensively investigated,and it is pointed out that the typical usage of he(和)is to indicate"juxtaposition",and the typical usage of huozhe(或者)is to indicate"selection".In addition,both of them generally express the function of"list(juxtaposition or choice)".This general function of"list"is the root of the confusion of he(和)andhuozhe(或者).This chapter discusses the reasons for the confusion of he(和)andhuozhe(或者)and the regulatory strategies in detail.Secondly,in the language of civil legislation,when the conjunctions he(和)、yu(与)、ji(及)and yiji(以及)are used to express the meaning of"juxtaposition",their usages are relatively close,sometimes even confused.This chapter analyzes the usages and norms of these conjunctions.The sixth chapter is study of the three complex sentence components of "subject,predicate and object" in the civil legislative language.In the language of civil legislation,the three sentence elements of "subject,predicate and object" have distinctive features in use,which are mainly reflected in the "complexity" of the elements.There are three means of complexity: first,the use of multiple parallel structures;Second,adopt multiple choice structure;The third is to adopt other more complex structures.Among the many operational means of the complexity of civil legislative language elements,the use of "multiple joint structures" is the most common.At the same time,the use of this "multiple joint structure" is the most important reason for the complexity of the three major elements of civil legislative language: subject,predicate and object.In this chapter,the above complex components are analyzed in detail,and the corresponding standardization strategy is proposed.The seventh chapter is study of the special sentence patterns of civil legislative language.In this chapter,three types of sentence patterns with distinctive characteristics are selected for research.One is the sentence pattern of"exclusion".In the language of civil legislation,when a certain item in a clause is excluded,the sentence patterns of chu(除)X yi(以)wai(外)and X chuwai(除外)are usually used.This chapter makes a detailed analysis of the structural features,semantic functions and pragmatic functions of the two sentence patterns.The second is the sentence pattern of jieshuo(解说).The sentence pattern of jieshuo(解说)can be divided into two types according to the relationship between clauses:explanation and total division.This chapter discusses in detail the characteristics,types and functions of the sentence pattern of jieshuo(解说).The third is the sentence pattern of zhuanzhe(转折).This kind of sentence pattern is commonly used in civil legislative language.This chapter discusses its structural features,semantic functions and pragmatic functions in detail.Based on the above discussion,this chapter also puts forward corresponding standardized suggestions on the specific use of these types of sentence patterns in civil legislative language.The eighth chapter is study of macroscopic issues of civil legislative language.This chapter mainly discusses the problems of pragmatics,style and norms of civil legislative language.In terms of rhetoric,oral sentence patterns are seldom used in civil legislative language,but regular single sentences,compound sentences,classical Chinese sentence patterns and fixed formats are more used;Civil legislative language seldom uses figures of speech such as metaphor,analogy,exaggeration,pun and euphemism,but selectively uses means such as antithesis,repetition and parallelism.In terms of deixis,in civil legislative language,personal deixis is the most commonly used,followed by time deixis and discourse deixis,while place deixis and social deixis are rarely used.Civil legislative language generally adopts the perspective of the parties in terms of personal instructions,and uses a set of special instructions such as benren(本人)、ziji(自己)、taren(他人)、dangshiren(当事人)and disanren(第三人).In terms of punctuation,the use of punctuation marks in civil legislative language is relatively monotonous.The main punctuation marks used are the stop,comma,semicolon and full stop.A few use colons,quotation marks,brackets and book title marks,while exclamation marks,question marks,dashes,emphasis marks and other punctuation marks are rarely used.In terms of style,the language of civil legislation is characterized by authority,accuracy,fuzziness,technicality and formality.In the aspect of norms,it mainly discusses the specific content and significance of the language norms of civil legislation.The part of conclusion summarize the main contents of the full text,summarize the main points of the full text,and briefly explain the aspects that need to be further improved and expanded in the future.