New Explorations Of The Idea Of The Free And Comprehensive Development Of Man In The Economic Manuscripts From 1857 To 1858

The Economic manuscripts from 1857 to 1858 is not only the original manuscript and the foundation of the Das Kapital,but also the foundation of Marx’s idea of individual free and universal development,and these excellent achievements make it the intellectual peak in the history of the development of Marxism.It was in them that Marx’s idea of individual free and universal development was first systematically expressed,becoming a theoretical treasure house of Marx’s ideas on individual free and universal development.There are many domestic and foreign scholars who have researched the idea of t individual free and universal development in the Economic Manuscripts from 1857 to 1858(hereinafter referred to as "the Manuscripts"),but they are not systematic and profound enough,so that its important feature as the foundation of Marx’s idea of individual free and universal development has not been given enough attention,and thus its unique position in the history of Marxism has not been fully manifested.This dissertation will systematically study the idea of individual free and universal development in the Manuscripts and profoundly reveal the deep critique of capitalist society and the scientific conception of communist society and other important content that this idea has in itself,which will help to deeply understand the richness and comprehensiveness of the idea of individual free and universal development in the Manuscripts,help to deeply understand the foresight and science of Marx’s communist idea,and help to comprehensively analyze and understand a series of important issues such as the great role of the new achievements of the technological revolution such as artificial intelligence on individual free and universal development.In addition to the introduction,the text is divided into five parts.The first part explores the historical context of the idea of individual free and universal development in the Manuscripts from three aspects: economic conditions,ideological conditions,and technological conditions.From the perspective of economic conditions,the capitalist economic system has brought about various "paradoxes" in human development,manifested in the coexistence of affluence and poverty,progress and sinking,comprehensiveness and one-sidedness,and social development at the expense of the personal development of the proletariat.From the source of thoughts,important philosophers,economists and empty socialists before Marx put forward some constructive views and opinions on the issue of individual free and universal development,which had an important influence on the formation of Marx’s idea of individual free and universal development in the Manuscripts.From the point of view of scientific and technological conditions,the continuous improvement of the level of science and technology and the increasing degree of automation,so that individual free and universal development gradually has a solid material basis.The second part analyzes the theoretical premise of Marx’s idea of individual free and universal development in the Manuscripts from three aspects: Marx’s scientific grasp of the "real man",his scientific solution to the problem of human alienation,and his scientific outlook on communist society.The third part systematically clarifies the rich content of the idea of individual free and universal development in the Manuscripts from four aspects: the rich connotation of the concept of individual free and universal development,the historical process of individual free and universal development,the constraints on individual free and universal development,and the conditions for the realization of individual free and universal development.First of all,it clarifies the extremely rich connotation of the concept of individual free and universal development in the Manuscripts.It specifically includes individual free and universal development social relations,individual free and universal development labor capacity and the comprehensive development of human free personality.Individual free and universal development of social relations of man essentially means that man in society has a wealth of attributes and connections-comprehensive relations of production and consumption,universal relations of material exchange,planned relations of distribution of the products of labor.Individual free and universal development of human labor capacity essentially means the universal development of all human abilities,including the free and universal development of physical and intellectual abilities in the production process,the free and universal development of real and potential human abilities,and the free and universal development of natural and social human abilities.The free and universal development of man’s free personality essentially refers to the enrichment of the level of human subjectivity,including the free development of man’s comprehensiveness,dynamism and uniqueness.Secondly,it clarifies the objective historical process of individual free and universal development.It specifically includes three stages: human dependency in pre-capitalist society,material dependency in capitalist society,and comprehensive human development in communist society,and points out that under the material dependency in capitalist society,the possibility of comprehensive human alienation and comprehensive development arises.Thirdly,the constraints faced by the individual free and universal development in a capitalist society are clarified.Human development is severely constrained by factors such as capitalist private ownership,capitalist labor alienation,and the capitalist application of science and technology.Finally,it clarifies the conditions for the realization of the full development of human freedom.The comprehensive and high development of productive power is the primary condition for the realization of individual free and universal development;the comprehensive disintegration of capitalist relations of production is the necessary condition for the realization of individual free and universal development;everyone enjoys free time at his disposal is the fundamental condition for the realization of individual free and universal development.The fourth part explores the historical status of the idea of individual free and universal development in the Manuscripts.The historical position of the idea of individual free and universal development in the Manuscripts in the history of Marxist development is elucidated mainly from three aspects: the systematic formulation of Marx’s idea of individual free and universal development,the full embodiment of Marxism as a whole,and the direct theoretical preparation of the idea of individual free and universal development in the Das Kapital.The fifth part closely analyzes the contemporary value of the idea of individual free and universal development in the Manuscripts in relation to the reality of the new round of world scientific and technological revolution and the reality of China in the new era,in order to highlight its eternal ideological charm.