| Since the reform and opening up,after 40 years of rapid economic growth,my country has changed from an underdeveloped country to an upper-middle-income country,and its economic and social outlook has taken on a completely new look.The various drawbacks of the traditional extensive economic development model of "high investment,high growth,and high energy consumption" have become increasingly prominent.The report of the 19 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly stated that my country’s economic development has been transformed from a stage of rapid growth to a stage of high-quality development.Promoting high-quality economic development has become an inevitable choice in the current economic development process of our country.At the same time,in the past forty years,with the loosening of the household registration system and rapid economic development,my country’s labor force has also experienced a large-scale cross-regional concentration from the central and western regions to the eastern coastal areas,and from decentralized rural areas to the eastern coastal areas.The process of agglomeration in urban areas has played a significant role in promoting the rapid development of my country’s economy(Cai Fang,2017).However,with the disappearance of the demographic dividend,the aging of the population has become more and more serious,and the labor force and the employed population have entered the turning point of growth.How to promote the improvement of the quality of economic development through the promotion of labor agglomeration is a problem worthy of attention.First of all,this article analyzes the status quo and characteristics of China’s labor agglomeration on the basis of constructing economic development quality evaluation indicators and labor agglomeration indicators,and at the same time analyzes the status quo and characteristics of my country’s economic development quality.Secondly,by integrating the relevant theories of new economic geography,regional economy,labor economics and development economics,this paper further studies the path and mechanism of labor agglomeration’s impact on the quality of economic development,and theoretically analyzes the impact of labor agglomeration scale on economic development.Non-linear effects of quality.At the same time,it further analyzes the possible consequences of insufficient labor agglomeration density and excessive agglomeration density on the quality of economic development.Third,this article uses spatial measurement models,instrumental variables,two-stage least squares and other methods to conduct an empirical analysis of the impact of labor agglomeration scale and labor agglomeration density on the quality of economic development and its four dimensions.Finally,the comprehensive labor agglomeration scale and density of the two dimensions of the impact on the quality of economic development,and based on the classification and evaluation of different regions of our country,in order to in-depth study of the different effects of labor agglomeration characteristics of different regions on the quality of economic development.The research on this issue involves the path of my country’s future high-quality economic development and the policy orientation of my country’s future labor force and population agglomeration and optimization.It has obvious theoretical and practical value.Through research,the research conclusions of this article are as follows:First of all,from the perspective of the influence of the scale of labor agglomeration on the quality of economic development,there is a non-linear "N" relationship in the influence of the scale of labor agglomeration on the quality of economic development.When labor agglomeration is small,the expansion of labor force scale will have a greater impact on the quality of economic development;however,as the labor force scale increases,the impact of labor agglomeration on the quality of economic development will be in a downward trend for a certain period of time.However,with the further expansion of labor agglomeration scale,the impact of labor agglomeration scale on the quality of economic development will be on the rise again.Further analysis of the reasons shows that the mechanism and path of the impact of labor agglomeration on the quality of economic development under different scales are different,and the results of the impact are also quite different.When the labor agglomeration scale is in a relatively small range,the labor agglomeration scale mainly promotes the improvement of the quality of economic development by promoting the efficiency of economic development,stabilizing economic development,more sustainable economic development,and obtaining a better economic growth level.However,as the scale of labor agglomeration further expands,the speed of economic development will be affected by the law of diminishing marginal effects of labor,the power of economic development is insufficient,and direct economic growth and economic development stability will be in a downward trend.In addition,due to the "crowding effect",such as the widening income gap between different regions and groups,resource shortages,and environmental damage caused by the agglomeration of labor,the continuity and efficiency of economic development will also be threatened.After the quality of economic development has deteriorated for a period of time,as the scale of labor agglomeration further expands,it enters the third range of the impact of labor agglomeration on the quality of economic development.At this stage,the scale effect of labor agglomeration will gradually appear.Under the effects of increasing returns to scale,spatial classification effects,and spatial screening effects,the scale of labor agglomeration will promote the efficiency,stability and sustainability of economic development,thereby promoting the improvement of the quality of economic development.Secondly,from the perspective of the influence of labor agglomeration density on the quality of economic development,the influence of labor agglomeration on the quality of economic development shows an inverted "U" relationship.This shows that both excessive and insufficient labor agglomeration will have an adverse effect on the quality of economic development,and only a moderate concentration of labor can be beneficial to the improvement of the quality of economic development.Further analysis of the impact of labor spatial agglomeration density on the four dimensions of the quality of economic development shows that whether it is the efficiency of economic development,the stability of economic development,the continuation of economic development,or direct economic growth,the density of labor agglomeration has an effect on these four aspects.The influences of each show an inverted "U"-shaped relationship.This further shows that excessive and insufficient labor agglomeration is not conducive to the improvement of the quality of economic development from all dimensions.Finally,considering the impact of labor agglomeration scale and labor agglomeration density on the quality of economic development,different cities in my country can be divided into three categories and nine subcategories.Different types of cities have different characteristics of labor agglomeration and have different effects on the quality of economic development.Currently,nearly 50% of the cities in my country are in the second range of labor agglomeration.These cities have insufficient returns on scale and relatively difficult industrial transformation.This is an unfavorable factor for the high-quality development of my country’s economy and needs to be dealt with by increasing policy supply.At the same time,the proportions of cities with excessive and insufficient labor agglomeration are 13% and 43%,respectively.It can be seen that the excessive agglomeration of a small number of large cities requires continuous attention,but cities with a large number of under-concentrated labor should also attract attention,and promote the agglomeration of labor resources in these areas to a small number of central areas with development potential to promote high-quality economic development.The above research results show that the impact of labor and population agglomeration on the quality of economic development needs to be viewed comprehensively and rationally.First of all,we must pay attention to the important role of the scale effect of labor agglomeration in the future economic development of my country,especially after the slow growth of labor resources in China or a downward trend,the agglomeration economy and increasing returns generated by the labor agglomeration scale itself will affect China in the future.The long-term sustainability of the economy has an increasingly important impact.Therefore,regions must consciously promote the appropriate concentration of labor,and promote the transformation of economic development from relying on the economic growth power brought by labor growth to relying on the endogenous economic growth power brought by agglomeration.Secondly,under the trend of overall stability or decline in the scale of the labor force across the country,promoting the concentration of labor in central areas with development potential(for example,counties in the center of counties,urban areas in the center of cities,and provincial capitals)is to make good use of the existing large-scale labor resources and promote A feasible strategy to improve the efficiency of economic development,maintain the stability of economic development,and promote the long-term sustainable development of the economy.Third,the key to the differentiation strategy of labor agglomeration in different regions is to handle the relationship between labor agglomeration scale and labor agglomeration density.For areas with a large area and a small labor force,it is necessary to promote the appropriate concentration of labor to prevent the lack of agglomeration from affecting the quality of economic development.For areas with a small area and a large labor force,the internal spatial structure needs to be optimized to prevent excessive labor concentration from adversely affecting the quality of economic development.Finally,we must not only see the agglomeration effect brought about by the scale of labor agglomeration,the positive promotion effect of increasing returns to scale,etc.,on the quality of economic development,but also the crowding effect and agglomeration generated in the process of population and labor agglomeration.Uneconomical,fully understand the impact of labor agglomeration on the quality of regional economic development. |
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