Research On The Policy Change About Internationalization Of Higher Education In South Korea

Under the background of economic globalization,the internationalization of higher education has become the core strategy to expand the global influence of higher education and enhance the competitiveness of higher education for major countries.The internationalization policy of higher education in South Korea is both particularity and universality.Especially in recent years,South Korea has actively integrated its higher education into the world’s development track,formulated and implemented many internationalization policies of higher education which was based on the needs of the country’s development.The effect of the internationalization policy of higher education in South Korea in attracting international students,strengthening overseas exchanges and cooperation,promoting the internationalization of the teaching team,enhancing the international level of scientific research has been remarkable.Now the internationalization of higher education in South Korea maintains a good momentum of development,ranking among the top of Asian countries.Researching on the changes of internationalization policy of higher education in South Korea is the key to understand the internationalization of higher education in South Korea.Studying on the changes of South Korea higher education internationalization policy can not only help us absorb the advanced experience in the internationalization development of its higher education,but also help us avoid problems and defects in its internationalization policy.This Study will be value and significant for China to promote the internationalization of higher education,especially for China to explore the development mode of higher education internationalization with Chinese characteristics in the new era.Since the establishment of the Republic of Korea on August 15,1948,the internationalization policy of higher education in South Korea has experienced a process of continuous development and evolution:,the changes of the internationalization concept of higher education policy reflects the changing from‘exogenous transplantation’ to ‘local construction’;The internationalization system of higher education reflects the changing from ‘strictly control’ to ‘actively open’;The changes of personnel internationalization of higher education policy reflects the changing from ‘scale expansion’ to ‘pursuit of quality’;The scientific research internationalization policy of higher education reflects the changing from ‘learning from outside’ to ‘capacity building’;the internationalization mechanism of higher education reflects the changing from ‘administrative leadership’ to ‘multiple coordination’,and the changing from focusing on ‘external relations’ to focusing on‘internal education’ laws.The policy changes of internationalization of higher education in South Korea reflect the characteristics of the change mode of the fusion of mandatory changes and induced changes,the coexistence of endogenous changes and exogenous changes,the synergy of gradual changes and sudden changes;The changes of internationalization policy of higher education in South Korea reflects the strong path dependence characteristics,and mainly reflects the path dependence of ‘administrative-led’,‘scaleled’ and ‘project-led’.There are obvious critical junctures in the changes of internationalization policy of higher education in South Korea.In order to make reasonable attributions for the changes of the internationalization policy of higher education in South Korea and reveal the influencing factors of higher education internationalization policy changes in South Korea,this study conducted three-level coding on important policy texts of South Korea higher education internationalization withing grounded theory procedural coding techniques.The change of internationalization policy of higher education in South Korea is mainly affected by context,structure,action,and actors.The context is an important environmental factor affecting the change of internationalization policy of higher education in South Korea,including global context,national context,educational context and problem context.The structure and action are important factors affecting the changes of the internationalization policy of higher education in South Korea.The structure reflects the inherent attributes of the internationalization policy of higher education,including political system,economic system,cultural concept,higher education management system,and higher education financial system.Actions are an important part of higher education internationalization policies,including internationalization of higher education ‘bringing in’ action,‘going out’ action,and ‘constructive’ action.Structure and behavior constitute the opportunity factors that affect the changes in the internationalization policy of higher education in South Korea.Government agencies,institutions of higher education,related organizations,and international students are the actors that influence the changes in the internationalization policy of higher education in South Korea.The government is the main body of action to promote the changes in the internationalization policy of higher education in South Korea.Higher education institutions,related organizations and the situation of international students is an important force affecting the changes in the internationalization policy of higher education in South Korea.In the change of internationalization policy of higher education in South Korea,internationalization development of higher education in South Korea has achieved obvious results,but there are also some problems.The remarkable results mainly reflected in the gradual deepening of the concept of internationalization of higher education,the gradual establishment of the internationalization system of higher education,the obvious achievements in the personnel internationalization of higher education,the improvement of the scientific research internationalization level of higher education,and the internationalization of higher education mechanism increasingly reasonable.The problems that emerged in the changes of the internationalization policy of higher education in South Korea mainly include: the deviation of the concept of internationalization of higher education,its concept of higher education internationalization has the tendency of utilitarian,shallow and hollow;the lag in the construction of higher education internationalization system.The system is mainly reflected in the basic academic exchanges and personnel exchanges,and there is lack of substantive and in-depth international system construction;the internationalization of higher education personnel is low,the structure of its international students is unreasonable,there are many problems in English specialized courses,and It is difficult to attract excellent foreigners professors,and it is difficult for foreign teachers to truly integrate into South Korea academic and social life;the internationalization of higher education research is unbalanced,especially widening the gap between a few top universities and other universities in South Korea;the poor operating mechanism of higher education internationalization,and the ‘out-going’ mechanism,‘culture’mechanism,‘coordination’ mechanism,‘quality’ mechanism and ‘strategy’ mechanism need to be strengthened and improved.The changing trend of internationalization policy of higher education in South Korea includes strengthening of the globalization capability of scientific research in higher education,the continuous expansion of the recruitment of outstanding international students,the focus on the key core technologies of the fourth industrial revolution,the expansion and improvement of international cooperation leading university projects,and the cultivation of ‘South Korea’ higher education.The action trends of internationalization of South Korea universities reflects Actively respond to internal environment and external environmental changes,deepen their international relations,expand their international influence,expand their international functions,and improve their international capabilities.The changes of internationalization policy of higher education in South Korea have important enlightenment and reference significance for China to expand the opening of higher education.The problems in the changes of internationalization policy of higher education in South Korea are particularly worthy of our attention and avoidance.China’s expansion of education opening to promote higher education Internationalization policies in the new era need to integrate the concept of a community with a shared future for mankind,and deepen the construction of "four new" and build an international brand;based on problems and cultural system confidence,innovate the internationalization system of higher education;adhere to globalization to attract and cultivate talents,and deepen the personnel internationalization development of higher education;The internationalization of scientific research should develop in a balanced manner,and an open scientific research innovation ecosystem should be built.Promote the symbiotic development of industry-university-research internationalization.By building an international monitoring and evaluation mechanism,expanding the international functions of China’s higher education,and strengthening the public diplomacy function of higher education,we will improve the internationalization mechanism of higher education and improve the governance efficiency of higher education internationalization.