| As a basic industry,the agricultural industry has always provided the necessary material foundation and human output for the development of other industries.The stable development of the agricultural industry is the basis for ensuring the economic development of other industries and maintaining the stability of the entire economy and society.However,China’s agricultural production still has problems such as a high rate of concurrent employment of agricultural labor,insufficient production specialization,and extensive agricultural forms.The endogenous business objectives of farmers’ households make China’s agricultural production still relatively backward,difficult to realize the modernization of agricultural production.However,farmers whose families are the production decision-making units have always been the mainstay of China’s agricultural production and management.As an economic community in China’s rural households,the allocation of family resources and the decisions of individual family members are all affected by the overall decision-making of the family.The population structure of rural households and the task of raising and supporting the elderly determine the number of laborers deployed by rural households in rural areas,it will also further affect the agricultural production behavior that restricts farmers.Generally speaking,under the “dual”economic structure of urban and rural areas,the family labor of farmers left behind in the countryside continue to carry out agricultural production on the basis of completing the task of taking care of the family.The allocation of agricultural production factors and production efficiency will inevitably be affected by the task of family raising.Therefore,this article analyzes the characteristics of farmers’ agricultural production factor allocation behavior and the changing laws of agricultural production efficiency from the perspective of farmers’ family population structure and support tasks constraints.With the rapid development of China’s industrialization and urbanization,a large number of migrant workers have been continuously and large-scale transferred to urban employment.However,the urban-rural division system marked by the household registration system makes it difficult for farmers to realize family mobility.Generally,the elderly and children will stay in the rural areas,which requires farmers to retain part of the labor force in the rural areas to take care of the family and continue agricultural production.Restrictions on the task of fostering and providing for the aged by farmers,what effect will it have on the allocation of agricultural production factors such as agricultural labor,land resources,and agricultural production efficiency? Analyze the reasons for these problems to explore the reasons for the allocation of agricultural production factors of Chinese farmers,and it is of great significance to analyze the future development direction of China’s agriculture.For this reason,this study intends to proceed from the perspective of the overall decision-making of rural households explore the impact of the rural household population structure and the care and pension constraints on the allocation of agricultural production factors such as labor,land resources,material capital,and the impact on the efficiency of agricultural production.The main research contents and conclusions of this paper are as follows:(1)Analyze the status of family support,agricultural labor force and changes in food production.First,by summarizing the characteristics of the main body of agricultural production and the scale of production in each development period in China,analyze the characteristics of changes in China’s agricultural production and future trends.Secondly,analyze the characteristics of family raising tasks and the characteristics of family agricultural labor force changes in different periods,as well as the changes in the production and life patterns of rural households in rural areas.Then,it analyzes the family demographic structure of rural households,the rural left-behind population,the characteristics and changing laws of agricultural labor force.Finally,it analyzes the changes in China’s agricultural production model along with the development of economy and society,the advancement of urbanization and industrialization,and the changes in China’s rural family structure,as well as the possible impact of these agricultural production models on China’s agricultural production transformation and agricultural production efficiency.The study found that the population structure,family size,and the burden of raising farmers in rural areas in China have all changed,and these changes will affect the allocation of agricultural production factors that restrict farmers to a certain extent.In addition,with the development of the economy and society,the advancement of urbanization and industrialization,and the changes in the population structure of rural families in China.At present,farmers’ families in rural areas in China present a main division of labor based on “gender division of labor” and “intergenerational division of labor”,and a “half-farming,half-work” production lifestyle has been formed on this basis.This makes the labor force appear aging,and other "weakening" phenomena in agricultural production.Although this is the result of farmers’ rational choice based on family resource endowments and social system constraints,it will affect agricultural production and national food security to a certain extent,and hinder the transformation of my country’s agricultural production and the development of agricultural modernization.(2)From the perspective of farmer families as a whole,it analyzes the impact of family support burden on farmer households’ land resource allocation behavior,and explores the laws and development trends of land circulation in China.First,examine the changing characteristics of household support burdens and land resource allocation behaviors of peasant households.Then,it analyzes the impact of rural households’ burden of raising and aged care on rural households’ land transfer area,and explores the root causes of the slow land transfer and the lagging development of large-scale operations in China.Finally,it explores the impact of family support burden on farmers’ family agricultural planting structure,and analyzes the effect of family support burden on farmers’ food planting ratio.The study found that the number of households that need to be supported has a significant negative impact on the outflow area of rural households,the rural households that are restricted by the burden of household support rarely transfer their land.Further detailed analysis of the characteristics of the dependent population found that the number of old-age dependents has a significant negative impact on the area of land transferred from rural households,while the number of other dependents such as the number of children under the age of 6 has no significant impact on the area of land transferred from rural households.In addition,farmers will increase the proportion of food crops when they are constrained by the task of family support.Peasant families will not give up agricultural production and transfer their land after being constrained by the task of raising and supporting the elderly.Instead,they will continue to conduct agricultural production on their own small-scale land with the help of agricultural machinery services or planting food crops that require less labor.On the whole,farmers are unwilling to participate in the land transfer under the constraints of family support burden,which also explains to a certain extent the reason why the small-scale production methods of small farmers in our country have always existed.(3)Analyze the impact of farm household population structure on the input of labor,material capital and other factors in the process of food production,and explore the changing laws of farm households’ agricultural production factor allocation behavior under the change of family population structure.First,analyze the impact of the rural household population structure on the labor input of the rural households in the process of food production;then,the influence of the material capital investment in the process of grain production is analyzed.The study found: the demographic structure of farm households also has a significant impact on the labor and material capital input of farm households in food production.The larger the family dependency ratio,the smaller the input of labor per mu in grain production by farmers.The higher the dependency ratio of the peasant households will increase the input of chemical fertilizers and other material elements in agricultural production to increase yields.In addition,the difference in the number of rural households supporting population has different effects on the allocation of food production factors.The child dependency ratio of rural households has a significant impact on the average labor and material capital input per mu in grain production.However,the family’s old-age dependency ratio has no significant impact on the average labor and material capital investment per mu in the grain production of farmers.(4)Analyze the effect of rural households’ burden of raising and supporting the elderly on the efficiency of rural households’ grain production.First,verify the impact of farmers’ burdens on household care and pensions on their grain land productivity.Then,analyze the impact of household support burden constraints on the comprehensive technical efficiency of farmers’ food.Finally,from the perspective of agricultural social services,it analyzes the methods to solve the negative impact of the burden of raising and endowment of the farmers’ families on agricultural production,and explores the possible ways to improve the efficiency of food production and accelerate the modernization of agriculture to ensure national food security.The study found that the constraints of the burden of care for the elderly have led to low land productivity of farmers,which is not conducive to the efficient use of land resources and national food security;the support burden of farmers’ families also restricts the improvement of farmers’ food production technical efficiency to a certain extent,and inhibits the improvement of farmers’ agricultural resource utilization efficiency.However,with the passage of time,the restraint of the family support burden of farmers has less and less significant effects on the efficiency of food production.In order to explain the reasons behind this,this research further explores from the perspective of agricultural mechanization services.With the continuous development of agricultural mechanization services,farmers who are subject to family support burdens can better complete agricultural production through agricultural mechanization services,which can effectively replace labor for food production and make up for the disadvantages of farmers due to family support burden constraints.To a certain extent,promote the improvement of farmers’ grain production efficiency.The development of agricultural social services has enabled small farmers who are constrained by the burden of family support to be more efficient in agricultural production.This expands the living space of small farmers to a certain extent,and will continue to maintain the current situation of China’s agricultural production,which is dominated by small farmers.Based on the above research conclusions,this article believes that China’s agricultural production will continue to exist for a long time.The agricultural production mainly relies on its own labor input,and continues to engage in agricultural production after taking care of the family.The allocation of agricultural production factors is the result of rational choice based on the established family structure.However,the labor force left behind by farmers in the rural areas continues to carry out agricultural production while taking into account the task of family care for the elderly.This determines the part-time operation of agricultural labor,which brings problems such as insufficient specialization of agricultural production,extensive agricultural forms and insufficient marketization of agricultural production.Agricultural production is still at a relatively backward level,which is not conducive to the development of agricultural modernization.In order to further improve the efficiency of agricultural production and accelerate agricultural modernization,this article puts forward the following suggestions based on the research conclusions: First of all,strengthen the construction of the social security system in rural areas,reduce the role of rural households in raising and supporting the elderly,and alleviate the adverse effects of family raising and elderly restrictions on agricultural production.Secondly,attach importance to the development of farm households and insist on the main status of farm households in agricultural production;farmers can adapt to the needs of economic and social development to complete the modernization transformation with their own strength,and explore the path of China’s agricultural modernization development on the basis of not losing the main body of the farmers.Finally,measures such as promoting the overall flow of rural households,improving the agricultural land exit mechanism,and innovating agricultural production and management methods to solve the family support task constraints of the farmers engaged in agricultural production.Promote the large-scale operation of agriculture,rationalize the input of farmers’ production factors,and improve the efficiency of agricultural production. |
PDF Full Text Request